Mathematical model for the ecosystem of the Black Sea hydrogen sulphide zone

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
E. E. Sovga
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
The Black Sea

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

CORRELATION OF THE BLACK, MARMARA AND AEGEAN SEAS DURING THE HOLOCENE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Esin ◽  
Nikolay Esin ◽  
Vladimir Ocherednik ◽  
Vladimir Ocherednik
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Holocene

A mathematical model describing the change in the Black Sea level depending on the Aegean Sea level changes is presented in the article. Calculations have shown that the level of the Black Sea has been repeating the course of the Aegean Sea level for the last at least 6,000 years. And the level of the Black Sea above the Aegean Sea level in the tens of centimeters for this period of time.

Modelling the hydrogen sulphide zone of the Black Sea

1997 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Belyaev ◽  
E.E. Sovga ◽  
S.P. Lyubartseva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
The Black Sea

scholarly journals Mathematical model of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene transgressions of the Black Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Esin ◽  
V. Yanko-Hombach ◽  
O.N. Kukleva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea

scholarly journals ABOUT FINE STRUCTURE AND THE ORIGIN OF THE INTRUSIONS IN THE BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-163
Author(s):  
P. A. Stunzhas
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Local Formation ◽  
Increased Temperature

The process of birth and drift of the Bosporus intrusions as simultaneous temperature and oxygen anomalies in the S-W part of the Black Sea was considered on the basis of data from 2 Argo bio-buoys. The erosion of the amplitude of the anomalies can be traced to a distance of 500 km from the Bosphorus. But in winter, buoys encounter anomalies of temperature and oxygen even further, moreover, both on the periphery of the sea and in the gyres. The parameters of these anomalies are contradictory: increased temperature says that these are Bosphorus intrusions that have been drifting at sea for several months. But they contain up to 20 μM of oxygen in the upper part of the hydrogen sulphide zone, which according to previous data has a life time in such conditions of only about 1 week. This implies local formation of anomalies due to poorly studied processes of winter subsurface water transfer. The author is inclined in favor of the second reason and calls on other researchers to pay attention to this.The process of birth and drift of the Bosporus intrusions as simultaneous temperature and oxygen anomalies in the S-W part of the Black Sea was considered on the basis of data from 2 Argo bio-buoys. The erosion of the amplitude of the anomalies can be traced to a distance of 500 km from the Bosphorus. But in winter, buoys encounter anomalies of temperature and oxygen even further, moreover, both on the periphery of the sea and in the gyres. The parameters of these anomalies are contradictory: increased temperature says that these are Bosphorus intrusions that have been drifting at sea for several months. But they contain up to 20 μM of oxygen in the upper part of the hydrogen sulphide zone, which according to previous data has a life time in such conditions of only about 1 week. This implies local formation of anomalies due to poorly studied processes of winter subsurface water transfer. The author is inclined in favor of the second reason and calls on other researchers to pay attention to this.

scholarly journals ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЕНЕРГОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ УСТАНОВКИ ЩОДО ВИДОБУВАННЯ СІРКОВОДНЮ З ГЛИБИН ЧОРНОГО МОРЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Михайло Романович Ткач ◽  
Борис Георгійович Тимошевський ◽  
Аркадій Юрійович Проскурін ◽  
Юрій Миколайович Галинкін
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

The article discusses a promising energy-technology unit for the extraction of hydrogen sulfide from the deep waters of the Black Sea, which provides for raising the gas-liquid mixture from the depths by the gas-lift method using wave pulses to separate hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous state. The installation includes a supply line, which is lowered to the required depth, a supply pump, a coalescing separator, a seawater discharge line with a reduced concentration of hydrogen sulfide, a control valve, a hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations, a lifting pipeline, a high pressure hydrogen sulfide separator, a hydraulic turbine, a low pressure hydrogen sulfide separator, seawater discharge pipe and hydrogen sulfide expander. This unit will improve the energy efficiency and operational reliability of the process of hydrogen sulfide production, as well as reduce the burden on the Black Sea environment. A mathematical model of this setup has been developed. The results obtained by the mathematical model adequately coincide with the known experimental ones. This suggests that it is possible to use the model to determine the parameters of the process for the extraction of hydrogen sulfide from the Black Sea. The parameters of the process for the extraction of hydrogen sulfide from the Black Sea in the depth range of the pipeline 0...1000 m at a temperature of 280...285 K. It has been established that increasing the gas content of seawater from 0 to 2.5 m3/m3 leads to a decrease in the pressure value by 2.2 MPa. A further increase in seawater gas content from 2.5 to 5.0 m3/m3 is accompanied by a decrease in pressure of another 1.6 MPa. Such a significant decrease in pressure at the inlet to the riser piping allows hydrogen sulfide and seawater to be obtained at a pressure that is substantially greater than atmospheric. The excess pressure at the outlet of the lifting pipeline is determined based on data obtained by the method of "equivalent length". When the seawater gas content is 2.5 m3/m3, the pipeline’s immersion depth is 250...1000 m, the value of the overpressure of substances at the exit of the lifting pipeline will be 0.2...0.45 MPa, and at 5 m3/m3 – 0.67...1.07 MPa, at 7.5 m3/m3 – 0.83...1.4 MPa and at 10 m3/m3 – 0.97...1.68 MPa.

LONG-TERM MONITORING OF SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF HYDROLOGICAL STRUCTURE IN COASTAL ZONE OF THE NORTH-EASTERN BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Podymov ◽  
O. Podymov ◽  
N. Kuzevanova ◽  
N. Kuzevanova ◽  
A. Khvorosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part

The work demonstrates the results of the 6-years complex ship-borne monitoring of coastal zone in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea, carried out by the Southern Branch of P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS, on a marine cross-section at the Blue Bay (Gelendzhik) beam 1-2 times per month. Climatic changes and eutrophication exert a significant impact on the sea water at the coastal area. In case of the Black Sea these factors pile up with a permanent hydrogen sulphide contamination of the sea water below 80-200 meters depth (depending on the season and distance from the shore). Strong pycno-halocline at the depths from 70 to 160 meters, formed due to the inflow of high salinity water from the Marmara Sea, inhibits the mixing between the water layers and, as a result, also limits the oxygen transport into the deeper layers. The winter cooling reduces the pycno-halocline and enriches the top active layer, down to the cold intermediate layer (CIL), with oxygen and nutrients, which subsequently lead to a vernal phytoplankton bloom. Formation of the thermocline and upper quasi-homogeneous layer (UQL), caused by the water warming in spring, at large extent determines a thickness of phytoplankton-rich layer during the spring and summer seasons. The work demonstrates seasonal and interannual dynamics of the UQL, thermocline, CIL and hydrogen sulphide boundary position in the coastal zone of the north-eastern part of the Black Sea.

Starea actuală a geosistemelor din zona de litoral a mării Negre și unele tendinţe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazăr Chirica ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Important Development

The Black Sea is a unique basin with a complicated geological history, a hidrobiological regime that has changed much in time and has significant level variation throughout it’s evolution. Is the most important development basin of chemolitoatotrophic bacteria that influences the unprecedented development of hydrogen sulphide (𝐻2S) an anaeropic processes are present, which express the basin’s meromic character.

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