Impactul inundaţiilor pluviale din Republica Moldova și măsurile de diminuare a lui

In the Republic of Moldova, the main factor contributing to the floods is the torrential rains from the warm semester of the year, which create favorable conditions for triggering strong, sometimes catastrophic floods in the rivers of the republic, especially in the smaller ones. During the study period, 40 floods with significant damage were recorded in the country, with an annual frequency ranging from 0 to 12 cases. In the administrativeterritorial profile, the damages caused by the aforementioned floods varied greatly. Based on the statistical data, a digital map was developed reflecting the degree of exposure of the territory of the Republic of Moldova in the administrative-territorial aspect to the mentioned risk, expressed by the value of the damages caused. In order to reduce the impact caused by the flood floods, measures have been developed to prevent, reduce and combat the negative effects of that risk.

Agresivitatea pluvială și periculozitatea exceselor pluviometrice în posibilitatea declanșării proceselor erozionale

Excessive amounts of atmospheric precipitation can cause intense soil erosion, landslides, inundation and floods. Torrential rains have the force to displace and transport soil particles, so the risk of soil erosion becomes real, as many times as atmospheric precipitations have a devastating character. In this context, it is extremely useful to know the particularities of the torrential rains in the current regional climate. At this stage, the Fournier (IF) pluvial aggression index is becoming more and more prevalent. This paper is dedicated to the use of this index with the pluviometric Excess Danger index (IPP) developed at regional level. The results obtained show close concordance between these indices for temporal estimations. Spatial analyzes highlight the role of slopes' orientation in distributing the pluviometric Excess Danger index and slopes' degree of inclination in the case of the Fournier pluvial aggression index. The results obtained are useful in the efficient use of agricultural land and in the elaboration of measures for the improvement of degraded soils.

Estimation of streams order according to strahler classification system using GIS. Case study: streams of the Republic of Moldova

The paper contains the results of classification of rivers and streams of the Republic of Moldova according to classic Strahler method. Mentioned method was applied to estimate the hierarchical rank of the stream segments situated in 50 pilot basins using modern GIS techniques and drainage network of the GIS for Water Resources of Moldova. It was estimated that the maximal order of segments is 7 specific for the Raut and Ialpug rivers. Overall, length of 1st order streams forms 50%, while that of 7th order streams - < 1%. Additionally, stream number and frequency as well as drainage density were calculated for pilot river basins.

Utilizarea teoriei valorilor extreme în climatologie

The article briefly describes the history and fields of application of the theory of extreme values, including climatology. The data format, the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) probability distributions with Bock Maxima, the Generalized Pareto (GP) distributions with Point of Threshold (POT) and the analysis methods are presented. Estimating the distribution parameters is done using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Free R software installation, the minimum set of required commands and the GUI in2extRemes graphical package are described. As an example, the results of the GEV analysis of a simulated data set in in2extRemes are presented.

Aspecte privind impactul natural și antropic asupra solurilor și productivității culturilor din regiunea de dezvoltare centru

This paper present data regarding natural impact and anthropic over soils in Development Region Central. Due to the intensive exploitation of the land and natural resources the ecological situation worsened considerably as result negative impact over the soil of Region Central. The natural impact and anthropic of agriculture and pressure of various factors, also led to decrease of soil quality and growth the area of soils eroded. Also was a big influence to crops productivity.

Analiza spaţio-temporară a duratei de strălucire a soarelui

In temporal aspect, the duration of sunshine shows a general upward trend. In seasonal aspect, spring season demonstrates an increase of about +0.2 hours, summer - about 0.1 hours, in autumn there is a trend of decreasing, according to the trend line, and the oscillation is equal to zero hours. Also we observe the increase in the number of hours in the spatial aspect. For Briceni meteorological station, the annual amount of sunshine duration varies within the limits of 1544 hours (1980) and 2326 hours (2015). The oscillation limits at the Cahul meteorological station are 1880 hours (1976) and 2604 hours (1963). At the Chisinau meteorological station, there's general increasing trend for the number of hours during which the sunshine duration is maintained, and it exhibits oscillations within 1783 hours (1989) and 2498 hours (1963). In the spatial aspect for winter, this increase +1 hour in Cahul, +0.38 hours in Briceni, and + 0.4 hours / season in Chisinau. In spring, the highest value of +2.2 hours is observed at Briceni and the lowest in Chisinau +1.9 hours / season. At Cahul meteorological station the increase was +1.4 hours. The increase in summer is +1.7 hours in Briceni and Chisinau, and only +0.9 hours in Cahul. Autumn trend line is a downward trend with a -0.3 hours decrease registered at Briceni and Chisinau meteorological stations (minimum values), and -0.6 hours in Cahul, maximum value.

Solurile bazinului hidrografic Larga (colinele Tigheciului). Tipologie, răspândire și proprietăți

Soil research offers multiple ways of approach. In the present paper, it has been chosen to study the soil in a well-personalized system, such as the Larga basin. This approach facilitates the understanding of the mechanisms governing the development, spreading and soil properties. The research carried out was based on extensive bibliographic documentation that gave us the necessary information, especially for their typology (correlation of soil types from different classification systems). Correlation with this system ensures the international circulation of soil information in this territory, facilitating participation in international projects.

Analiza temperaturilor maxime și minime anuale în Chișinău

The article briefly describes the fields of application of the theory of extreme values, including climatology. The data format and the analysis methods of the annual maxima and minima temperatures in Chisinau are presented. Free R software and the GUI in2extRemes graphical package are used. Estimating the parameters of the Generalized Extreme Value distribution and return levels vs return periods is done using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method.

Evaluarea conținutului nutrienților în orizonturile solului nou-format de pe suprafața haldelor de steril în procesul de restabilire naturală a ecosistemului petrofit din cariera de calcar ,,Lafarge ciment”

It has been established that the content of heavy metals in tailings dumps of different ages does not exceed the alert threshold for any component. The content of K2O in the 0-20 cm layer is higher than in the 20-40 cm, which is explained by biogeochemical (phytocenotic) processes. It is demonstrated that the total nitrogen content on the surface of tailings dumps of different ages depends on their age. The highest nitrogen content is contained in the newly formed soil layer on the surface of the 25 year old waste heap in the 0-20 cm layer. This is explained by the fact that the largest number of plant species (63 units) that have produced the largest amount of organic substance (humus) from the mass of biodiversity are growing on this dump.