Economic efficiency, antitrust and rate-of-return

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Formby ◽  
W. James Smith ◽  
Paul D. Thistle
Author(s):  
Elena ȘURCĂ

From an economic point of view, efficiency implies the use of resources, of any kind, at maximum efficiency, or else the relation between effect and effort is over unit. In any kind of activity economic efficiency is the basis for its start. In the present paper, the level of economic efficiency for rape crops will be determined, according to two technological systems: conventional and organic. The revenue structure, and especially the expenditure, will be found in the income and expenditure budget of the culture. We will compare the value of production, production costs, but also yield or rate of return. In the continuation of the study, a set of indicators of economic efficiency will be calculated for each crop system, which will be subjected to a mirror analysis, to determine the feasibility of rapeseed crops as accurately as possible. Finally, the results will be presented, the profitability of the crop according to the system, the level of the profit and the recommendations regarding the future way of growing the rapeseed.


Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Telepenko ◽  
◽  
L.O. Barabash ◽  

The authors present the results of evaluating the economic efficiency of growing blackberry cultivars of different ripening terms in the plantation of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (NAAS) of Ukraine. The capital investments on the creation and management of 1 ha of the plantation were 517.3 thousand ₴ (under the planting plan 1.25 х 3.00 m), the trellis putting and laying being about 50 % of the mentioned sum. The productional costs on the fruit-bearing plantation management depended on the cv yield, expenditures for salaries and wages, fertilizing, protective means, fuel and lubricant use, plants covering for winter, the agricultural technics amortization etc. and were within 144.1-283.0 thousand ₴. The wholesale price of the early ripening varieties products was 80.0 ₴/kg. Thus the receipts of the realized products were within considerable limits. Cvs Thornfree, Asterina, Čačanska Bestrna and Chester were characterized with the lowest cost per 1 t of the products (22.61; 23.10; 23.43 and 24.97 thousand ₴ respectively while Nasoloda and Karaka Black with the highest one (38.98 and 37.85 thousand ₴ respectively). The profit per 1 ha of inland variety Nasoloda plantations was the lowest one among the presented cultivars, (42.74 thousand ₴) whereas the early ripening cvs Loch Tay and Brzezina ensured 380.79 and 335.18 thousand ₴ respectively. The same cvs distinguis hed themselves for the highest profitableness level (185.2 and 172.4 % respectively as well as for the shortest rates of the capital investments return recovery – 3.4 and 3.5 years respectively. The profitableness of cv Karaka Black was 111.3 % with the rate of return cost recovery 5.0 years because of the lower yield. This was economically favourable too though. The average and late ripening cultivars which formed the yield of 7.0-8.0 t/ha had the rate of the investment return 4.0-5.0 years. It should be noted that it was cv Thornfree that distinguishhed itself for the highest profitableness (121.1 %) among late ripening cvs with the rates of capital investments on the plantation establishment return 3.4 years.


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Sašsa Z. Todorovic ◽  
Zorica R. Vasiljevic ◽  
Zoran N. Rajic

The goal of the research presented in this paper is to examine economic efficiency of investments in agricultural land, to detect the most important factors influencing this, and to contribute successfully to the formulation of the answer to the question if and under which conditions this investment is justified. The analysis of economic efficiency of investments in agricultural land is based on dynamical methods for investment evaluation. Analyses have shown that investing in agricultural land amounting to 4,000.0 EUR per ha at discount rate of 4% would be more profitable than the amount which would be realised by external investment, but only when applying the 30 year investment horizon, because at the end of the 30 year of investment horizon, the amount of receipts, which is higher by 284.00 EUR than the amount realised by external investment of capital, what is not the case with the amount realised after the 10 year of investment horizon (577.00 EUR less). It is a consequence of realised rate of return on investment in agricultural land amounting to 4.39% for the 30 year and 0.04% for the 10 year investment horizons.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2087
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Brodziński ◽  
Katarzyna Brodzińska ◽  
Mikołaj Szadziun

The abandonment of conventional sources in favor of energy from renewable energy sources (RES) has a global dimension, and the dynamic increase in the share of energy from photovoltaic systems in the energy mix of many countries results from the possibility of obtaining it both on a small scale (micro-installations) and as part of economic investments (photovoltaic power plants). The study aimed to assess the economic efficiency of 22 photovoltaic farms located in northeastern Poland. The research covered 5 solar power plants with a capacity of up to 799 kWp (I), 13 between 800 and 1100 kWp (II), and 4 installations of 1.98 MWp (III). The evaluation was based on net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (PP), profitability index (PI), accounting rate of return (ARR). Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out regarding the value of economic indicators. The analysis shows that all studied PV farms are economically justified investments (NPV > 0) regardless of the adopted scenario. Solar power plants of the largest analyzed capacity (group III) resulted in being the most profitable ones, but no linear relationship between the level of productivity and profitability was established. Due to the large variation in terrain shape in northeastern Poland, landscape value and social benefits, which are difficult to assess, the support system for investments regarding the construction of photovoltaic power plants proved to be the most effective in group I.


Author(s):  
Bárbara Bruna Maniçoba Pereira ◽  
Paulo César Ferreira Linhares ◽  
Jéssyca Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Brenna Rafaella Veríssimo dos Santos ◽  
Patrício Borges Maracajá

<p>Dentre as hortaliças cultivadas em sistema consorciado nas áreas de produção familiar, encontra-se o coentro e o rabanete, espécies de ciclo curto (de 30 a 35 dias para o coentro) e (de 25 a 30 dias para o rabanete). Essas espécies são cultivadas na região de Mossoró/RN em sistema orgânico de produção onde se utiliza esterco bovino como adubo. Assim, um experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, Mossoró-RN, no período de agosto a outubro de 2014, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência econômica de cultivares de coentro consorciado com rabanete adubado com jitirana mais esterco bovino. O trabalho foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos completos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído de duas cultivares de coentro (verdão e tabocas) consorciado com rabanete, cultivar Crimsom gigante e o segundo fator pelas doses de jitirana mais esterco bovino (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 kg m-<sup>2</sup> de canteiro). Utilizou-se a proporção de 1:1, ou seja, uma parte de jitirana para uma parte de esterco bovino. O espaçamento utilizado para o rabanete foi de 0,10 x 0,10 m com uma planta por cova-1. Já no coentro, o espaçamento utilizado foi de 0,10 x 0,05 m com cinco plantas cova-1, correspondendo a 1000 plantas m-<sup>2</sup> de canteiro. As características avaliadas para os indicadores econômicos foram: renda bruta e renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade. O melhor desempenho econômico do sistema foi obtido na dose de 4,0 kg m-<sup>2</sup> de canteiro, com renda bruta de R$ 19.825,00, renda líquida de R$ 16.519,00, taxa de retorno de R$ 6,00 e índice de lucratividade de 78,7%.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Economic efficiency of intercropping coriander and radish cultivars fertilized with manure bovine jitirana</em></strong></p><pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>Among the vegetables grown in intercropping system in the areas of family production, is the cilantro and radish, short-cycle species (30-35 days to coriander) and (25-30 days for radish). These species are grown in the region of Mossoró / RN in organic production system which uses cattle manure as fertilizer. Thus, an experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, Mossoro-RN, in the period from August to October 2014, aiming to assess the economic efficiency of intercropping coriander and radish cultivars fertilized with manure jitirana beef. The work was conducted in a randomized complete block in a factorial 2 x 5, with three replications. The first factor consisted of two coriander cultivars (verdão and tabocas) intercropped with radish, cultivate Crimsom giant and the second factor by more jitirana doses of cattle manure (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg m-2 site). We used the ratio of 1: 1, or a part of jitirana for a part of manure. The spacing used for the radish was 0.10 x 0.10 m with a plant per hill-1. You coriander, the spacing used was 0.10 x 0.05 m with five plants pit-1, corresponding to 1000 m 2 plants site. The characteristics evaluated for the economic indicators were gross income and net income, rate of return and profitability index. The better economic performance of the system was obtained at a dose of 4.0 kg m-2 site, with gross income of R $ 19,825.00, net income of R $ 16,519.00, return fee of $ 6.00 and 78.7% profitability index.</pre>


1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-216
Author(s):  
Ake Wiksten

The paper describes an economic guide to silviculture which is designed to provide field personnel with an easy way of determining the financially sound alternative or possibility when choosing between various forestry practices, primarily with respect to reforestation.The guide consists of a number of charts, one for each of six rotation periods between 40 years and 100 years. Each chart shows three quadrants which are used as nomogrammes for various purposes.Since the economic efficiency of silvicultural operations basically depends on the quality of the land, this guide can be used for an exploratory analysis of the capability spectrum of a given management unit against the background of selected economic criteria. Such an analysis would show how much of the productive forest land can be managed continuously to produce a desired rate of return on capital invested in land, machinery, labour and administration. The guide can also be used to give an outline of the input of labour, employment opportunities, that can be justified annually in various kinds of silvicultural work.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Su Kang ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Kyung-Tae Kim

In this study, the optimal capacity of a battery and power conditioning system (PCS) of energy storage system were calculated. In addition, economic analysis was conducted to determine the optimal equipment standard, taking the government support plan into account. In addition, the changes in the power generation pattern were examined when the energy storage system and photovoltaic (PV) were connected to verify the power peak management efficiency of the energy storage system. Moreover, the effect of the energy storage system support policy was assessed by comparing the economic efficiency of single-PV equipment and energy storage system-connected equipment by the internal rate of return. Internal rate of return was analyzed by the change in cost of energy storage system equipment and the price of system marginal price/renewable energy certificate, which was a sales factor, and used for economic forecasting of the energy storage system. To accomplish this, the 2015 power generation output data (daily average 3.69 h power generation) of LG Hausys Ulsan station were converted to small-scale (3 MW) and large-scale (10 MW) solar power and a model that calculated the factor capacity of battery and the PCS capacity of the energy storage system was then constructed. Furthermore, the selected battery capacity and PCS capacity were analyzed separately by economic analysis to propose an energy storage system equipment standard, which could guarantee the optimal economic efficiency. Finally, based on the “Guideline for Management and Operation of Mandatory Supply for New and Renewable Energy” established by the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy, the profit model applied to the economic analysis was limited to an energy storage system charged from 10:00 to 16:00.


1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Smith

SummaryIn this study, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) caused a dose- dependent fall in the circulating platelet count suggesting that 5-HT receptors are activated in rat platelets to cause platelet adhesion and aggregation. When low doses of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were simultaneously injected with 5-HT, there was a significant potentiation of the responses to ADR Ketanserin significantly reduced the potentiated responses. When higher doses of ADP were infused with bolus injections of 5-HT there was no potentiation and ketanserin did not reduce these responses. Ketanserin did not inhibit the collagen-induced fall in circulating platelet count, but did significantly increase the rate of return to the basal platelet count compared with control. 5-HT did not cause a fall in platelet count in guinea-pigs


Author(s):  
Teng-Fei Wang ◽  
Kevin Cullinane ◽  
Dong-Wook Song

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