Factors associated with cervical cancer screening behavior among Vietnamese women

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death for women, but it can often be detected early and sometimes even prevented entirely by having regular tests. An effective way to prevent cervical cancer is to have screening tests. Even though cervical cancer screening programs are implemented in many countries and regions especially in developed countries, cervical cancer incidence has not been effectively controlled and there is still certain health disparity in the population. Inappropriate screening frequency may be the cause of the health disparity. Methods: Drawing on the data from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (Cycle5.1), a national survey conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), we characterized cervical cancer screening (CCS) as two dimensions by the item of screening frequency, namely, active screening and effective screening. We compared the differences between these two screening behavior applying ordered logistic regression and binary logistic regression, and explored the mechanisms of effective screening. Results: The impact factors differed between active screening and effective screening based on theory. Only self-efficacy (β=0.16, p=0.023) had a positively significant association with active screening behavior and both online health information seeking (β=-0.102, p<0.001) and social media participation (β=-0.466, p=0.001) negatively and significantly influenced effective screening behavior. Second, a theory-based mechanism of effective screening behavior found that traditional health perception factors no longer influence effective screening behavior, while environmental factors (social media) significantly reduce women's effective screening. In addition, the higher the level of education, the less inclined to conduct effective screening, but the more inclined to active screening for cervical cancer. Conclusions: Our results indicate that while the Internet has become the main channel through which women acquire health resources, and social media has become a main platform for people to obtain health information, online information cannot guide people to engage in appropriate healthy behaviors. Overloading of online health information and digital divide may cause excessive screening or screening avoidance. Consequently, we must pay attention to the health disparity caused by unreasonable health behaviors caused by factors such as environmental factors and the divide in the use of IT.

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Factors associated with cervical cancer screening participation among migrant women in Europe: a scoping review

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-020-01275-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrícia Marques ◽

Mariana Nunes ◽

Maria da Luz Antunes ◽

Bruno Heleno ◽

Sónia Dias

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Screening Participation ◽

Cancer Screening Participation

Abstract Background Cervical cancer screening has been effective in reducing incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, leading European countries to implement screening programs. However, migrant women show lower screening participation compared to nationals. This scoping review aims to provide a synthesis of the growing evidence on factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening among migrant women in Europe. Methods Electronic peer-reviewed databases were searched in November 2019 for studies on factors related to the participation of migrants in cervical cancer screening conducted in EU/EFTA countries, using comprehensive search expressions. Retrieved articles were screened and those eligible were selected for data extraction. Quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Factors were classified in barriers and facilitators and were divided into further categories. Results Twenty out of 96 articles were selected and analyzed. Factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening were classified in categories related to sociodemographic, healthcare-system, psychological, migration, knowledge, language, and cultural factors. Lack of information, lack of female healthcare providers, poor language skills, and emotional responses to the test (especially fear, embarrassment and discomfort) were the most reported barriers to cervical cancer screening. Encouragement from healthcare providers and information available in migrants’ languages were frequently stated as facilitators. Results on the role of sociodemographic factors, such as age, education, employment and marital status, are the most conflicting, highlighting the complexity of the issue and the possibility of interactions between factors, resulting in different effects on cervical cancer screening participation among migrant women. Several identified barriers to screening are like those to access to healthcare services in general. Conclusions Efforts to increase migrant women’s participation in CCS must target barriers to access to healthcare services in general but also specific barriers, including cultural differences about sexuality and gender, past traumatic personal experiences, and the gender and competences of healthcare professionals performing CCS. Healthcare services should strengthen resources to meet migrants’ needs, including having CCS information translated and culturally adapted, as well as healthcare providers with skills to deal with cultural background. These findings can contribute to improve CCS programs among migrant women, reducing health disparities and enhancing their overall health and well-being.

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Contextual Analysis of Cervical Cancer Screening and Factors Associated with Health Care Access among United States Women 2002

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s47-c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 163 (suppl_11) ◽

pp. S47-S47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Coughlin ◽

S Leadbetter ◽

T Richards ◽

S Sabatino

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Care ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Health Care Access ◽

Contextual Analysis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Care Access

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Demographic, knowledge, attitudinal, and accessibility factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in a rural district of Tanzania: Three public policy implications

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-12-22 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Frida S Lyimo ◽

Tanya N Beran

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Rural District ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Factors Associated

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Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Aged 30 to 49 Years in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia

Cancer Control ◽

10.1177/1073274820958701 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 107327482095870

Author(s):

Yalelet Belay ◽

Merga Dheresa ◽

Alekaw Sema ◽

Assefa Desalew ◽

Nega Assefa

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Screening Service ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Dire Dawa

Background: Cervical cancer is a public health problem and one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. In Ethiopia, the government expands cervical cancer screening centers and recommends services to age-eligible and high-risk groups of women. However, evidence indicates that the utilization of services among eligible and high-risk women in the country has remained very low, and data are scarce in Dire Dawa. Therefore, this study aimed to assess cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among women aged 30 to 49 years in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Dire Dawa from February 01 to March 01, 2017. Only two facilities provided the screening service in Dire Dawa Administration. Six- hundred and one women aged 30 to 49 years were selected using a systematic sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested face-to-face interview administered questionnaire. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 21. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the magnitude of cervical cancer screening service utilization was 4.0% (95% CI: 2.5-5.7). The factors associated with cervical cancer screening service utilization were older age (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI:1.3-13.8), attending private health facilities (AOR = 8.9; 95% CI: 2.8-28.0), being employed (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3-8.8), visiting the gynecology departments (AOR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.5-9.8), being knowledgeable (AOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.5-15.5), being counseled by health professionals (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5-11.3), and user’s of family planning (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.2-20.0). Conclusion: The magnitude of cervical cancer screening utilization was very low. Hence, to improve the screening service utilization of cervical cancer, a campaign on community awareness, strengthening service linkage among departments, expansion of the centers for cervical cancer screening, and promotion of family planning method utilization are recommended.

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