Validitas dan kepraktisan model pembelajaran Contextual Analysis of Science and Laboratory Problems (CANLABS) pada pembelajaran IPA

Model pembelajaran Contextual Analysis of Science and Laboratory Problems (CANLABS) merupakan suatu model yang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk memilih beberapa peristiwa alam disekitarnya yang relevan dengan materi yang sedang dipelajari dan selanjutnya mengupas fenomena secara lebih mendalam di laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis validitas dan kepraktisan model pembelajaran CANLABS untuk penguasaan IPA siswa SMP. Uji coba hasil pengembagan model dilakukan di kelas 7 SMP se eks karesidenan besuki (Jember, Bondowoso, Situbondo, dan Banyuwangi) dengan jumlah 120 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling area. Untuk mengukur validitas menggunakan lembar validitas model yang dilakukan oleh pakar. Sedangkan untuk mengukur kepraktisan digunakan lembar observasi keterlaksaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh observer. Berdasarkan analisis didapatkan bahwa pada validasi isi dan validasi konstruk berturut-turut secara rata-rata berskor 4.08 dan 4.11 dengan realibilitas instrumennya 96 %. Sedangkan keterlaksanaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada kegiatan pendahuluan, kegiatan inti, kegiatan pemantapan, penutup, dan suasana kelas dengan rata-rata skor 3.39 berkategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran CANLABS memenuhi kriteria kevalidan dan kepraktisan sehingga layak digunakan pada pembelajaran IPA siswa SMP.

Optimal Solution of Neutrosophic Linear Fractional Programming Problems With Mixed Constraints

In this paper, Linear Fractional Programming (LFP) problems have been extended to neutrosophic sets (NSs) and the operations and functionality of these laws are studied. Moreover, the new algorithm is based on aggregation ranking function and arithmetic operations of triangular neutrosophic sets (TNSs). Furthermore, for the first time, in this paper, we take up a problem where the constraints are both equality and inequality neutrosophic triangular fuzzy number. Lead from genuine issue, a few numerical models are considered to survey the legitimacy, profitability and materialness of our technique. At last, some numerical trials alongside one contextual analysis are given to show the novel techniques are better than the current strategies.

Electronic Payment Performance

The increasing speed of e-payment adoption is driven by multiple factors: Generation Z (individuals born between 1990s to early 2010s), easy payment methods, open banking ecosystem, rewards incentive, network, and the onset of COVID-19 in 2020. The Malaysian government hopes through collaboration with banks and payments industries to reach a cashless society, leveraging on the existing infrastructure to accelerate the migration to e-payments. The problems that emerge in a cashless society and secured e-payment need to be well considered by the related parties, particularly the policymakers and regulators, to position Malaysia on the right path to embark on the most advanced global trend. Therefore, this chapter aims through contextual analysis to investigate the trend performance and social impact on secured electronic payment (e-payment) in Malaysia during the period of 2016-20.

‘Of course it is idealised’: Lindsay Anderson's Every Day Except Christmas

This article examines Lindsay Anderson's 1957 documentary, Every Day Except Christmas, as a distinct product of British post-war culture that also contributed significantly to the development of Anderson's own film aesthetic. It also sets Every Day Except Christmas against the background of Anderson's influential documentary made a year earlier, O Dreamland. The article combines formal and contextual analysis of Christmas with a review of contemporary assessments of the film as well as Anderson's own comments on it.

The specificity of Russian media neoderivatives reflecting social realia

The involvement of media speech in the society activities determines the relevance of studying the media text components in the extralinguistic aspect. The social conditionality of media neoderivatives contributes to their research in linguopragmatic and socio-cultural aspects. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of Russian neoderivatives reflecting current social realities. The research material include lexical and word-formation innovations in the texts of printed and electronic media of the beginning of the 21st century. In the course of the study, the methods of structural and semantic analysis of neoderivatives, word-formation analysis, content analysis, contextual analysis, descriptive and classification methods were used. As a result of the research, thematic groups of neoderivatives reflecting current Russian realities were identified (neoderivatives on pandemic topics; neoderivatives reflecting digital reality, Internet realities, business realities, etc.); the actual word-formation means and methods of creating the considered neoderivatives are determined (the usual methods of suffixation, prefixation, prefixoidation, addition of agglutinative type; the non-usual method of contamination, as well as the non-usual methods of creating polycode neoderivatives, in particular hyphenation, parenthesis, quotation, the use of ideograms and numbers, font and color selections); as a result of contextual analysis of media texts, the main functions of neoderivatives are characterized (nominative, expressive-evaluative, ludic). The conducted research is characterized by the novelty of the speech and language material and identifies the specifics of the socio-cultural and linguocognitive perception of reality in the modern language consciousness of the representatives of Russian society. The results of the research contribute to the solution of practical problems of journalism.

Identifying Causes of Social Evolution: Contextual Analysis, the Price Approach, and Multilevel Selection

Kin selection theory and multilevel selection theory are distinct approaches to explaining the evolution of social traits. The latter claims that it is useful to regard selection as a process that can occur on multiple levels of organisation such as the level of individuals and the level of groups. This is reflected in a decomposition of fitness into an individual component and a group component. This multilevel view is central to understanding and characterising evolutionary transitions in individuality, e.g., from unicellular life to multicellular organisms, but currently suffers from the lack of a consistent, quantifiable measure. Specifically, the two major statistical tools to determine the coefficients of such a decomposition, the multilevel Price equation and contextual analysis, are inconsistent and may disagree on whether group selection is present. Here we show that the reason for the discrepancies is that underlying the multilevel Price equation and contextual analysis are two non-equivalent causal models for the generation of individual fitness effects (thus leaving different “remainders” explained by group effects). While the multilevel Price equation assumes that the individual effect of a trait determines an individual's relative success within a group, contextual analysis posits that the individual effect is context-independent. Since these different assumptions reflect claims about the causal structure of the system, the correct approach cannot be determined on general theoretical or statistical grounds but must be identified by experimental intervention. We outline interventions that reveal the underlying causal structure and thus facilitate choosing the appropriate approach. We note that kin selection theory with its focus on the individual is immune to such inconsistency because it does not address causal structure with respect to levels of organisation. In contrast, our analysis of the two approaches to measuring group selection demonstrates that multilevel selection theory adds meaningful (falsifiable) causal structure to explain the sources of individual fitness and thereby constitutes a proper refinement of kin selection theory. Taking such refined causal structure into account seems indispensable for studying evolutionary transitions in individuality because these transitions are characterised by changes in the selection pressures that act on the respective levels.

Brazylijski rejs „Lwowa” na łamach „Świata” i „Tygodnika Ilustrowanego”

The aim of this article is to compare the modelling of media and memoir coverage of the Brazilian voyage of the “Lviv” in 1923 in two popular illustrated cultural magazines of the interwar period: Świat and Tygodnik Ilustrowany. To reconstruct the forms the message, publications from the years 1922–1925 were traced, i.e., those printed before, during, and shortly after the voyage. Using the comparative method and editorial collation, B. Pawłowicz’s and T. Dębicki’s reports published in the magazines were compared with their first book editions. As a result of this contextual analysis, the author shows how the choice of the information strategy pursued by the periodical influenced the modelling of the travel message. This information strategy also determined the reduction of the components presented and led to the creation of two separate stories, bringing people closer to the reality of life in São Vicente, Portugal, or the Brazilian state.