The U.S. 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act and undocumented migration to the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. White ◽  
Frank D. Bean ◽  
Thomas J. Espenshade
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undocumented Migration ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

After the Airlifts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Varzally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Attention ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

This chapter focuses upon the aftermath of Operation Babylift, the mass airlift of Vietnamese children to the United states on the eve of the nation’s formal withdrawal. Arguably the most dramatic episode of the unfolding adoption and migration story, it received overwhelming media coverage, captured international attention, and pushed Vietnamese adoptees to the center of debates about the war’s end and aftermath. Although the architects of the airlift hoped it would improve the America’s reputation and benefit Vietnamese children, it stoked significant controversy among Americans and Vietnamese who accused the U.S. and Vietnamese governments of playing politics. The airlift and its controversy also displayed the creative ways in which Vietnamese families stretched across national boundaries an, demanded reunions, and disputed American efforts to contain and control the legacies of war.

2 Mexico and the U.S.: Discord Among Neighbors

Worldview ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Denis Goulet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
White House ◽  
The U.S

Mexico's two thousand-mile border with the United States is unarmed, but it remains the locus of sharp conflicts. Last October, House Speaker "Tip" O'Neill, bowing to pressure from the Hispanic Caucus, withdrew the Simpson- Mazzoli bill on immigration reform over White House objections that "it is in the best interests of all Americans to have the nation regain control of its borders." Jorge Bustamante, director of Mexico's Center for Border Studies, argues, however, that such a bill would "leave all migrant workers, whether documented or not, in a state of virtual slavery, since they will have no access to the courts to plead for justice."

scholarly journals Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-229
Author(s):  
Anne S. Marsh ◽  
Deborah C. Hayes ◽  
Patrice N. Klein ◽  
Nicole Zimmerman ◽  
Alison Dalsimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

AbstractInvasive species have a major effect on many sectors of the U.S. economy and on the well-being of its citizens. Their presence impacts animal and human health, military readiness, urban vegetation and infrastructure, water, energy and transportations systems, and indigenous peoples in the United States (Table 9.1). They alter bio-physical systems and cultural practices and require significant public and private expenditure for control. This chapter provides examples of the impacts to human systems and explains mechanisms of invasive species’ establishment and spread within sectors of the U.S. economy. The chapter is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide insight into the range and severity of impacts. Examples provide context for ongoing Federal programs and initiatives and support State and private efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species and eradicate and control established invasive species.

Almost as Inaccessible as Tibet

Unwanted ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 71-97
Author(s):  
Maddalena Marinari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Jewish Immigration ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Political Clout ◽  
The U.S

Chapter 3 examines how Italian and Jewish immigration reform advocates adjusted to the new restrictive immigration regime that followed the passage of the 1924 act and how they worked to build political clout to push for reform under the aegis of Roosevelt’s New Deal. During this period, family reunification remained the only argument that helped them gain some traction with legislators as both groups gained more political visibility with representation at every level of government. Despite the pervasive isolationism, push for assimilation, and the strain from the Great Depression, Italian and Jewish immigration reform advocates successfully used family reunification to help more migrants enter the United States as the 1930s came to an end. Those who could not enter often resorted to illegal immigration. The Anti-Semitism that animated many officers in the U.S. State Department, however, made sure that the very generous annual quota for Germany went mostly unfilled for the entire decade even as thousands of German Jews continued to apply for visas for the United States to flee Nazi Germany.

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY): Prosecutor V. Krnojelac

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-380 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Indefinite Detention ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

This case presents the question whether the Executive Branch may hold uncharged citizens of foreign nations in indefinite detention in territory under the "complete jurisdiction and control" of the United States while effectively denying them the right to challenge their detention in any tribunal anywhere, including the courts of the U.S. The issues we are required to confront are new, important, and difficult.

Occupational Status and Mobility among Undocumented Immigrants by Gender

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G. Powers ◽  
William Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Region Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

This article addresses two issues concerning about the integration and mobility of undocumented immigrants in the United States: 1) whether undocumented men and women improve their earnings and occupational status over time and 2) the extent of variation in occupational status and mobility by gender and region. Data from the 1989 Legalized Population Survey indicate that both undocumented men and women, on average, improved their earnings and occupational status between their first jobs in the United States and their jobs just prior to application for legalization under the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act. The earnings, occupational status, and occupational mobility of men were greater than for women, however.

Vietnam: The Shifting Contours

Worldview ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Gary Porter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

The carefully graduated increases in manpower and in the intensity of bombing attacks and the wellpublicized U.S. diplomatic efforts for negotiations, make it appear—at least as I write this—that the United States is conducting in Vietnam a well-controlled and limited military operation.This impression of limitation and control, implying as it does the discriminating application of military power in the service of political ends, is morally soothing. It is nevertheless an illusory impression which cannot avoid being exposed as the war progresses. For the underlying fact of the U.S. commitment in Vietnam is that its objective is no longer the politics of South Vietnam.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Immigration Law: Impact of Simpson-Rodino on the United States and Mexico

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark W Reynolds ◽  
Robert K McCleery
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Employer Sanctions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Market Interdependence ◽  
Year 2000

About two years ago the United States passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act, also called the “Simpson-Rodino” bill of 1986. The Act called for increased enforcement of migration policy, employer sanctions, and amnesty for those who could prove continuous residence since 1982. Despite considerable discussion and debate prior to the act, the legislation was passed without any comprehensive economic analysis of its potential impact on the United States or its main source of undocumented immigration, Mexico. In this paper we shall look at some implications of the recent immigration law for both economies, given their widely differing levels of income and productivity, the challenges each faces to restructure its economy given increased international competitiveness, and the particular problems and opportunities presented by a common border with growing labor market interdependence. By our calculations, the economic opportunity cost of Simpson-Rodino as compared to continuation of the prior status quo will add up to a present value of $110 billion between now and the year 2000. In fact, Simpson-Rodino illustrates the important role that labor mobility may play in the convergence of income and productivity between rich and poor countries. It shows how migration policy may distort or delay that process of convergence, with negative implications for both societies.

scholarly journals Effects of Immigrant Legalization on Crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intensity Of Treatment

I examine the effects that the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which legalized almost 3 million immigrants, had on crime in the United States. I exploit the IRCA's quasi-random timing as well as geographic variation in the intensity of treatment to isolate causal impacts. I find decreases in crime of 3-5 percent, primarily due to decline in property crimes, equivalent to 120,000-180,000 fewer violent and property crimes committed each year due to legalization. I calibrate a labor market model of crime, finding that much of the drop in crime can be explained by greater labor market opportunities among applicants.

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