Occupational Status and Mobility among Undocumented Immigrants by Gender

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G. Powers ◽  
William Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Region Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

This article addresses two issues concerning about the integration and mobility of undocumented immigrants in the United States: 1) whether undocumented men and women improve their earnings and occupational status over time and 2) the extent of variation in occupational status and mobility by gender and region. Data from the 1989 Legalized Population Survey indicate that both undocumented men and women, on average, improved their earnings and occupational status between their first jobs in the United States and their jobs just prior to application for legalization under the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act. The earnings, occupational status, and occupational mobility of men were greater than for women, however.

scholarly journals Achieving the DREAM: The Effect of IRCA on Immigrant Youth Postsecondary Educational Access

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalena E Cortes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Educational Access ◽  
Achieving The Dream ◽  
And Control

This paper contributes to the existing literature on the effect of legal status on educational access among immigrant youth in the United States. The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants who entered the United States before 1982. Using a difference-indifferences framework, I analyze the effect of this large amnesty program on immigrant youth's postsecondary educational access. My main finding shows that immigrant youths who were granted amnesty under IRCA are more likely to enroll in postsecondary education.

Wage Mobility of Undocumented Workers in the United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tienda ◽  
Audrey Singer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Undocumented Workers ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Wage Returns ◽  
Spanish Speaking

This study addresses two fundamental questions about the economic assimilation of undocumented immigrants in the United States: 1) how different recently legalized immigrants are from all foreign-born persons and native-born whites; 2) whether wages of undocumented immigrants improve as they acquire greater amounts of U.S. experience and, if so, how these improvements are comparable to those of immigrants in general. We analyze the Legalized Population Survey and the Current Population Survey to assess the returns to U.S. experience and find positive returns to U.S. experience for both undocumented migrants and all foreign-born men. Returns to U.S. experience depend on region of origin. Undocumented immigrants from Mexico received the lowest wage returns and men from non-Spanish-speaking countries received the highest returns to U.S. experience.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850: Comment

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2021-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hout ◽  
Avery M Guest
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergenerational Correlation ◽  
Structural Mobility ◽  
Over Time

We reanalyze Long and Ferrie's data. We find that the association of occupational status across generations was quite similar over time and place. Two significant differences were: (i) American farms in 1880 were far more open to men who had nonfarm backgrounds than were American farms in 1973 or British farms in either century; (ii) of the four cases, the intergenerational correlation was strongest in Britain in 1881. Structural mobility related to, among other things, economic growth and occupational differentiation, affected mobility most in 1970s America. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N33, N34)

Education, age at first birth, and the timing of fertility in the United States: recent trends

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Wineberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThis paper enquires whether education and age at first birth, both strongly associated with completed fertility, are related to the timing of fertility, in particular the timing of the first three births, among once married white women. Analysis of data from the June 1985 United States Current Population Survey indicates that education is related to the timing of fertility; this relationship has remained relatively constant over time. Age at first birth is associated with the timing of fertility among older but not younger women.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Immigration Law: Impact of Simpson-Rodino on the United States and Mexico

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark W Reynolds ◽  
Robert K McCleery
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Employer Sanctions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Market Interdependence ◽  
Year 2000

About two years ago the United States passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act, also called the “Simpson-Rodino” bill of 1986. The Act called for increased enforcement of migration policy, employer sanctions, and amnesty for those who could prove continuous residence since 1982. Despite considerable discussion and debate prior to the act, the legislation was passed without any comprehensive economic analysis of its potential impact on the United States or its main source of undocumented immigration, Mexico. In this paper we shall look at some implications of the recent immigration law for both economies, given their widely differing levels of income and productivity, the challenges each faces to restructure its economy given increased international competitiveness, and the particular problems and opportunities presented by a common border with growing labor market interdependence. By our calculations, the economic opportunity cost of Simpson-Rodino as compared to continuation of the prior status quo will add up to a present value of $110 billion between now and the year 2000. In fact, Simpson-Rodino illustrates the important role that labor mobility may play in the convergence of income and productivity between rich and poor countries. It shows how migration policy may distort or delay that process of convergence, with negative implications for both societies.

scholarly journals Effects of Immigrant Legalization on Crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intensity Of Treatment

I examine the effects that the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which legalized almost 3 million immigrants, had on crime in the United States. I exploit the IRCA's quasi-random timing as well as geographic variation in the intensity of treatment to isolate causal impacts. I find decreases in crime of 3-5 percent, primarily due to decline in property crimes, equivalent to 120,000-180,000 fewer violent and property crimes committed each year due to legalization. I calibrate a labor market model of crime, finding that much of the drop in crime can be explained by greater labor market opportunities among applicants.

“Your Place Is Where Your Family Is”

On the Move ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Garip
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

This chapter discuses a particular migrant group that doubled in size, as well as in its relative share among first-time migrants from Mexico to the United States, between 1987 and 1990. This group encompassed more than one-third of all migrants at its peak in 1991 and contained a large majority of women and migrants with family ties to previous U.S. migrants. The migrants in this group are called family migrants. The sudden increase in the number of family migrants occurred right after the enactment of Immigration Reform and Control Act in 1986, an immigration law that opened the path to legalization for more than 2 million undocumented Mexicans in the United States. Family reunification was a major factor that pulled family migrants from Mexico to the United States. The group included a large share of wives and daughters joining their husbands and fathers, who were already there.

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