Estimating the ash content of coal by means of the absorption and scattering of soft γ rays

The heart is generally considered a radioresistant organ, and has received relatively little study after total-body irradiation with doses below the acutely lethal range. Some late damage in the irradiated heart has been described at the light microscopic level. However, since the dimensions of many important structures of the blood vessel wall are submicroscopic, investigators have turned to the electron microscope for adequate visualization of histopathological changes. Our studies are designed to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the mouse heart, particularly in the capillaries and muscle fibers, for 18 months after total-body exposure, and to compare the effects of 240 rad fission neutrons and 788 rad 60Co γ-rays.Three animals from each irradiated group and three control mice were sacrificed by ether inhalation at 4 days, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after irradiation. The thorax was opened and the heart was fixed briefly in situwith Karnofsky's fixative.

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF A2-, p'A-, AND RESONANT TERMS IN INELASTIC SCATTERING OF γ-RAYS BY DEEPLY BOUND ELECTRONS

Le Journal de Physique Colloques ◽

10.1051/jphyscol:19879143 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 48 (C9) ◽

pp. C9-815-C9-818

Author(s):

Y. OHMURA ◽

S. SATO

Keyword(s):

Inelastic Scattering ◽

Γ Rays ◽

Bound Electrons

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A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj11.10.9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽

LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD

Keyword(s):

Ash Content ◽

The Novel ◽

Offset Printing ◽

Excellent Correlation ◽

End Conditions ◽

Bottom Side ◽

Novel Method ◽

Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

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Facile preparation of nanofiller-paper using mixed office paper without deinking

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj14.3.167 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

QIANQIAN WANG ◽

J.Y. ZHU

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Mechanical Grinding ◽

Microscope Imaging ◽

Facile Preparation ◽

Electron Microscope Imaging ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Office Paper

Mixed office paper (MOP) pulp without deinking with an ash content of 18.1 ± 1.5% was used as raw material to produce nanofiller-paper. The MOP pulp with filler was mechanically fibrillated using a laboratory stone grinder. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that the ground filler particles were wrapped by cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which substantially improved the incorporation of filler into the CNF matrix. Sheets made of this CNF matrix were densified due to improved bonding. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the nanofiller-paper with 60-min grinding reached 48.4 kN·m/kg and 8.1 MN·m/kg, respectively, approximately 250% and 200% of the respective values of the paper made of unground MOP pulp. Mechanical grinding duration did not affect the thermal stability of the nanofiller-paper.

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PENGARUH VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DAN UMUR SIMPAN ROTI MANIS

JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN ◽

10.33061/jitipari.v5i1.3643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aulia Alfi

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Ash Content ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Life Analysis ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Physical And Chemical

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah bahan alami yang memiliki sifat antimikroba (antivirus, antibakteri, dan antijamur). Sehingga VCO dapat memberikan efek pengawet pada bahan makanan, salah satunya adalah roti manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh VCO terhadap karakteristik (fisik dan kimia) dan umur simpan roti manis. Roti manis dianalisis secara fisik (tekstur dan porositas) dan kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kandungan karbohidrat), dan analisis umur simpan dengan FFA, uji organoleptik dan jamur setiap dua hari selama delapan hari penyimpanan di suhu ruang. Variasi perlakuan roti manis adalah dari rasio konsentrasi VCO: margarin: mentega, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VCO tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap karakteristik fisik dan karakteristik kimia roti manis. Namun, VCO berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air roti manis yang dihasilkan, roti manis K memiliki kadar air tertinggi (22,36%) dan berbeda dengan sampel roti manis lainnya. VCO secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur di roti manis pada konsentrasi 8%, 12%, dan 16%. Roti manis K dan A memiliki masa simpan 4 hari, sedangkan roti manis B, C, dan D memiliki masa simpan 6 hari.Kata kunci: VCO, roti manis, karakteristik, umur simpanABSTRACTVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a natural ingredient that has antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) properties. So that VCO can provide a preservative effect on food ingredients, one of which is sweet bread. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of VCO on characteristics (physical and chemical) and shelf life of sweet bread. Sweet bread was analyzed physically (texture and porosity) and chemistry (moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content), and shelf life analysis with FFA, organoleptic and mold tests every two days for eight days of storage at ambient temperature. Treatment variations of sweet breads is from the ratio of the concentration of VCO: margarine: butter, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). The results showed that VCO did not have a significant effect on the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of sweet bread. However, the VCO has a significant effect on the water content of the sweet bread produced, sweet bread K has the highest moisture content (22,36%) and it is different from other sweet bread samples. VCO effectively inhibits the growth of sweet bread mold at concentrations of 8%, 12%, and 16%. K and A sweet bread has a shelf life of 4 days, while sweet breads B, C, and D have a shelf life of 6 days.Keywords: VCO, sweet bread, characteristics, shelf life

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KARAKTERISTIK BROWNIES KUKUS TEPUNG JEWAWUT (Setarica italica) DAN TEPUNG MAIZENA DENGAN PENGARUH LAMA PROSES PENGUKUSAN

JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN ◽

10.33061/jitipari.v5i1.3131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bernaulli Putri Mulyanto ◽

Yustina Wuri Wulandari ◽

Akhmad Mustofa

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Protein Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Corn Flour ◽

Process Duration ◽

Flour Protein ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Brownies merupakan cake coklat yang terbuat dari tepung terigu, lemak, telur, gula pasir dan coklat. Metode pemasakan brownies ada dua yaitu pemanggangan dan pengukusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tepung jewawut dan tepung maizena agar dihasilkan brownies kukus bebas gluten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi tepung yang memiliki kadar protein tertinggi pada brownies dan untuk mengetahui lama pengukusan yang optimal sehingga menghasilkan brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung yang paling disukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktorial yaitu faktor pertama ratio tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung (50:50, 40:60 dan 30:70), sedangkan faktor kedua lama pengukusan (30 menit, 40 menit dan 50 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung dengan ratio 50:50 dan lama pengukusan 50 menit merupakan ratio yang terbaik karena memiliki kadar protein paling tinggi yaitu 5.828%. Pada perlakuan ini menghasilkan 19.967% kadar air, 1.585% kadar abu, 1.786% gula total, serta uji organoleptik terhadap warna 3.590 (coklat gelap), tekstur 3.340 (lembut), flavor jewawut 2.855 (sedikit terasa) dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3.285 (disukai). Kata kunci : Brownies, tepung jewawut, tepung jagung, kadar protein. ABSTRACT Brownies is chocolate cakes made from flour, fat, eggs, sugar and chocolate. There are two methods of cooking brownies namely roasting and steaming. This study uses millet flour and maizena flour to produced gluten free steamed brownies. This study aims to determine the best of flour formulated which has highest protein content in steamed brownies and to knew the optimal steaming time that produced the most favored of steamed brownies millet flour and corn flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorials, the first factor is ratio of millet flour and corn flour (50:50, 40:60 and 30:70), while the second factor was the duration of steaming process (30, 40 and 50 minutes). The result of the study showed steamed flour of millet flour and corn flour with ratio of 50:50 and with steamed process duration 50 minutes is the best ratio because it had the highest protein content of 5.828%. In this treatment yielded 19.97% moisture content, 1.585% ash content, 1.786% total sugar and organoleptic test is 3.590 (dark chocolate) colors, 3.340 (soft) texture, 2.855 (slightly felt) millet flavors and 3.285 (preferred) overall preferences. Keywords : Brownies, millet flour, corn flour, protein content

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