The floral development and floral anatomy ofChrysosplenium alternifolium, an unusal member of the Saxifragaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Ronse Decraene ◽  
P. Roels ◽  
E. F. Smets ◽  
A. Backlund
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy

Floral development and anatomy of Macarthuria australis (Macarthuriaceae): key to understanding the unusual initiation sequence of Caryophyllales

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Ronse De Craene ◽  
Lai Wei
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Floral Evolution ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Petal Development ◽  
Initiation Sequence ◽  
Rapid Emergence

We investigated the floral anatomy and development of Macarthuria australis Hügel ex Endl., an unusual genus endemic to Australia, in the context of floral evolution of core Caryophyllales. Flower initiation is spiral, with sepals developing quincuncially. The first two petals continue the sequence of sepal initiation, but the remaining petals arise from common stamen–petal primordia. The androecium develops sequentially as three inner antesepalous and five outer antepetalous stamens. The globular ovary is trimerous with a short symplicate zone and two arillate ovules per locule. The rapid emergence of the androecium leads to a partial absorption of the petal primordia within the androecial tissue. The two first-formed petals have more room for development and precede the androecium, supporting the fact that petals are not staminodial in origin. This heterochronic shift correlates with an inversed developmental sequence of the antesepalous stamens. The constraint caused by the spatial occupation of sepals and carpels leads to the loss of two stamens, and the re-arrangement of stamens and petals along the flanks of the carpels. The floral development of Macarthuria anticipates a syndrome of stamen and petal development in other core Caryophyllales and culminating in the Caryophyllaceae.

The floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya (Caricaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP Ronse Decraene ◽  
E F Smets
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Stigmatic Exudate ◽  
Large Ovary ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Shed Light

Floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya L. have been investigated to shed light on (i) the morphology of the flower, (ii) the structural basis for the pollination mechanism, and (iii) the relationships of the Caricaceae. Carica is mostly dioecious with a strong dimorphism between staminate and pistillate flowers. The development of staminate flowers resembles that of pistillate flowers up to the initiation of the stamens. Further development leads to highly diverging morphologies. In staminate flowers a combination of contorted growth and the development of a common stamen-petal tube produces a long floral tube. The gynoecium grows into a central spearlike pistillode. The pistillate flowers have no traces of stamens and initiate five antesepalous carpel primordia. Common basal growth leads to the development of a large ovary with staglike stigmatic lobes and intruding placentae covered with numerous ascending ovules. Floral anatomy of staminate and pistillate flowers is described. The nature of the colleters is discussed. The morphological basis for reward production in C. papaya is clarified, and conflicting views on pollination are discussed. Nectaries of staminate flowers are located on the central rudimentary pistil and not at the base of the stamens, as previously reported. The anthers contain packages of calcium oxalate crystals. Pistillate flowers produce no nectar but have a stigmatic exudate. We compared the floral development and anatomy of Carica with that of Adenia (Passifloraceae) and Moringa (Moringaceae) in the view of a relationship with other glucosinolate-producing families. Although a derivation of the unisexual flowers from bisexual ancestors is probable, Storey's hypothetical derivation of pistillate flowers is not supported by the floral ontogeny and vasculature.Key words: Adenia, Caricaceae, Moringa anatomy, calcium oxalate packages, dioecy, floral structure, nectaries, ontogeny, pollination, systematic relationships.

Floral development and anatomy of two species of Aechmea (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Sandra Santa-Rosa ◽  
Leonardo M Versieux ◽  
Monica Lanzoni Rossi ◽  
Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Appendage Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Aechmea (Bromeliaceae) is a large genus with controversial systematics and distinct flower shapes and pollinators. We explored floral anatomy and development in two Aechmea spp. belonging to different subgenera to contribute useful information on reproductive biology and taxonomy. We examined floral buds using scanning electron and light microscopy to characterize the development of septal nectaries, petal appendages, ovules, stamens and carpels. In A. gamosepala, we confirmed that the petal appendages develop late, whereas in A. correia-araujoi they develop earlier during floral development. Petal appendage formation included positional changes, possibly affecting floral attributes and visitation by insects, rather than vertebrates. Nectar is released through three basal orifices distally on the ovary, and here we document the link between the nectary region, through discrete canals, upward to the conduplicate lobes of the wet stigma. Improved understanding of the floral development and morphology of Aechmea may help to explain the existence of polymorphic flowers in this genus and may have implications for studies on interactions with pollinators and systematics.

The floral development and floral anatomy of Coris monspeliensis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1687-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Ronse Decraene ◽  
E. F. Smets ◽  
D. Clinckemaillie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Common Part ◽  
Floral Vasculature ◽  
Carpel Wall ◽  
Bearing Part

The floral development of Coris was investigated to clarify its controversial relationship with either Primulaceae (Primulales) or Lythraceae (Myrtales). We demonstrate that Coris is strongly related to the Primulaceae but differs in a few important features, such as the presence of an epicalyx and partial zygomorphy. The saccate calyx and epicalyx with unilateral development encloses an actinomorphic flower. The stamen–petal tube has two sections that arise through three growth processes: a lower common part for stamens and petals and an upper section representing a fused corolla. The central ovule-bearing part of the ovary arises separated from the carpel wall. The formation of ridges with teethlike appendages between the ovules suggests a derivation of the free-central placentation from an axile arrangement. Several characters support the monotypic family Coridaceae near the Primulaceae. Key words: Coridaceae, Primulaceae, Lythraceae, floral development, floral vasculature, epicalyx, free-central placentation, common primordium, zygomorphy.

scholarly journals Floral development of Condylocarpon isthmicum (Apocynaceae)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 769-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemeri Morokawa ◽  
Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer ◽  
André Olmos Simões ◽  
Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nectariferous Tissue

Apocynaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms. Its representatives have flowers with relatively simple morphology, ranging from anthers free from the style head to more complex flowers in which the anthers are postgenitally united with the style head, forming a gynostegium, and those with a style head that is vertically differentiated into distinct functional regions. The aim of this study is to understand the morphology and secretory structures of Condylocarpon isthmicum (Vell.) A.DC. at different stages of development. This species, which is in the family Apocynaceae, has morphologically simple flowers. Flowers at four different stages of development were collected and processed for anatomical and histochemical analysis; floral anatomy was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The simplicity of the C. isthmicum flower morphology was contrasted with the complexity observed in the secretory structures at different stages of flower development. Four secretory structures were identified in this species: colleters, style head epidermal cells, nectariferous tissue, and an obturator. The colleters were observed in the bracts and bracteoles of the young inflorescences. The style head began the secretory phase in the pre-anthetic stage and remained in this phase until anthesis. The nectariferous tissue was secreted during anthesis, and the obturator was present only in post-anthetic flowers. We identified a nectary in the wall of the ovary, and we verified and described a new structure in the Apocynaceae, the obturator.

Floral anatomy of two Lentibulariaceae

1988 ◽  
Vol 99 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
L. L. Narayana ◽  
D. V. Laxmi Satyavathi
Keyword(s):  
Floral Anatomy

Effect of the Stages of Floral Development and Postharvest Temperatures to Flowering of Eremurus in Israel

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 536d-536
Author(s):  
Rina Kamenetsky
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Floral Differentiation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Very High ◽  
Development Application ◽  
Flowering Process

The influence of postharvest temperature on the flowering response of Eremurus was studied. The plants were harvested at four different stages of development and were separated into three groups. The first group was immediately exposed to 2 °C, the second group to 20 °C followed by 2 °C, and the third group to 20 °C followed by 32 °C and, subsequently, 2 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for concurrent morphological analysis of floral development. Application of 2 °C to the plants in the initial stage of floral development caused plant destruction and death, while the same treatment applied at the stage of full differentiation promoted normal flowering. Temperatures of 20 °C and, especially, 32 °C, significantly improved flowering of the plants harvested in the early stages of florogenesis, whereas the same treatment applied to the plants harvested at the end of flower differentiation did not affect the flowering process. A developmental disorder, which we term “Interrupted Floral Development” (IFD), was observed only in the plants harvested when the racemes were fully differentiated. This was probably caused by the very high air and soil temperatures that prevail in Israel during the summer. The extent of floral differentiation has a determinant role in subsequent scape elongation and flowering.

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