The behavior of internal markers in Ti-6Al-4V deformed in superplastic tension

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 3747-3748 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Blackwell ◽  
P. S. Bate
Keyword(s):  
Internal Markers ◽  
Superplastic Tension

scholarly journals Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Batista Sampaio ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
Viviane Aparecida Carli Costa ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Internal Markers ◽  
Fecal Sampling

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fecal excretion profile and the short term bias of the external markers chromic oxide and titanium dioxide and the internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in a digestion trial with cattle fed different diets. Fourteen F1 Red Angus × Nellore bulls averaging 12 months old and 287 kg were kept in individual stalls. The animals were fed elephant grass silage, corn silage or signal grass hay, supplemented or not with 20% of concentrate mixture. The experiment consisted of two 13-day experimental periods according to a 2 × 2 Latin square design with seven squares grouping. The animals received 10 g of chromic oxide and 10 g of titanium dioxide through esophageal sounder daily. Fecal grab samples were obtained directly from the rectum of the animals at 1:30 a.m., 3:00 a.m., 4:30 a.m., 6:00 a.m., 7:30 a.m., 9:00 a.m., 10:30 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 1:30 p.m., 3:00 p.m., 4:30 p.m., 6:00 p.m., 7:30 p.m., 9:00 p.m., 10:30 p.m. and 12:00 a.m. There was no effect of forages or concentrate levels on the dimension of excretory cycle. The fundamental period of excretory cycle was 15.06 and 18.66 hours for chromic oxide and titanium dioxide, respectively and 9.93, 9.29 and 10.55 hours for iDM, iNDF and iADF, respectively. The oscillation range was higher for external markers. Considering the characteristics of all evaluated markers together, it is recommended fecal sampling designs with at least four collections, distributed during the day or only in the diurnal period for obtaining fecal excretion estimates free of short term bias.

scholarly journals Prediction of Dry Matter Digestibility in Cattle Given Corn Silage-Alfalfa Hay Diets with an Improved Method for Analyzing Acid Detergent Lignins as Internal Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Mitsuto MATSUMOTO ◽  
Shu FURUYA ◽  
Hiroyuki SHINGU ◽  
Koichi HODATE ◽  
Aya ONODERA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Internal Markers

Effect of the anti bloat agent poloxalene on n-alkane concentration in cattle faeces

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
R. Nuthall ◽  
S.M. Rutter ◽  
A.J. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Internal Markers

Current pressures to extensify agricultural systems are leading to more emphasis on incorporating legumes, such as white clover, into swards thus reducing the amount of fertiliser nitrogen used. Cattle fed clover rich diets often receive poloxalene (Bloat guard ®, Agrimin Limited) as a feed additive to prevent bloat. Poloxalene is a surfactant, reducing surface tension of bubbles caught in froth, and thus reducing foam formation in the reticulo-rumen. The n-alkane technique (Dove and Mayes 1991) to measure intake is widely used in grazing experiments. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons found in the waxy cuticle of plants, which are used as internal markers to estimate herbage intake and to determine dietary composition in grazing ruminants. Animals are typically dosed with a controlled release bolus (CaptecTM FERNZ, New Zealand) containing an even-chained synthetic alkane (C32). Mean daily dry matter intake is calculated using the assayed release rate of C32 and the concentrations of C32 and C33 in herbage and faeces (Dove and Mayes, 1991). Given that poloxalene is a surfactant, it could potentially interact with the n-alkanes and therefore invalidate the technique. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of including poloxalene in the diet on the n-alkane concentration in faeces from dairy cattle.

scholarly journals X-Ray Magnetic Resonance Fusion to Internal Markers and Utility in Congenital Heart Disease Catheterization

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Dori ◽  
Marily Sarmiento ◽  
Andrew C. Glatz ◽  
Matthew J. Gillespie ◽  
Virginia M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Markers

Alkanes as internal markers to estimate digestibility of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Ordakowski ◽  
D S Kronfeld ◽  
J L Holland ◽  
B J Hargreaves ◽  
L S Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Markers

scholarly journals PSI-35 Comparison of in situ techniques to evaluate the recovery of indigestible components and the accuracy of digestibility estimates

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Jordan Adams ◽  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Fecal Recovery ◽  
Internal Marker ◽  
Internal Markers

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of bag type (BT) and incubation length (IL) when using in situ incubations for determination of indigestible components. Indigestible components play an integral role as an internal marker for rumen kinetics and digestibility estimations, as well as providing parameter estimates for nutritional models. However, the accuracy of internal markers is dependent upon the incubation technique utilized, with BT and IL acting as sources of error. A 3 × 2 factorial design was used to investigate the effect of BT (F57, F58, and Dracon) and IL (288 and 576 h) on indigestible dry matter (iDM) and neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) residues, as well as estimated DM and NDF digestibilities. Feed and fecal samples were obtained from two animals from an independent trial that collected total fecal production over 4 days. All bags contained a sample size-to-surface area ratio of 20 mg/cm2 and were ruminally incubated within three rumen-cannulated steers (229.5 ± 10 kg). For iDM and iNDF, feed residues demonstrated a BT × IL interaction (P < 0.01). Fecal residues for iDM and iNDF had BT and IL effects (P < 0.01) with the Dracon BT and 576 h IL having the least residues. Digestibility estimates for DM and NDF were influenced by BT × IL (P < 0.01) with the accuracy of estimates demonstrating a BT × IL interaction (P < 0.01) in which F57 at 576 h had the greatest accuracy. Resultant fecal recovery estimates for DM and NDF excreted exhibited a BT × IL interaction (P < 0.01), with F57 at 576 h better representing the excretion profiles. Based upon our analysis, utilizing the F57 BT at 576 h IL combination provides more accurate estimates relative to all other combinations used within the current study.

Effects of sowing rate and grazing management of forage rape (Brassica napus) on grazing behaviour and utilisation by dairy cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Stefanski ◽  
S. C. Garcia ◽  
S. R. Farina ◽  
D. K. Y. Tan ◽  
D. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Forage Rape ◽  
Internal Markers ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

The increase in total factor productivity in the Australian dairy industry over the last 10 years has been low (1.5%). To help address this issue, ‘FutureDairy’ is aiming to increase the production of home-grown feed currently achieved from pastures using a complementary forage-rotation (CFR) system. Forage rape (Brassica napus) is a key component of the CFR; however, it is a complex crop to manage and feed, and the interactions between the behaviour and grazing habits of dairy cattle are unknown. The present experiment investigated the effect of the sowing rate and grazing management of forage rape on the grazing behaviour and forage utilisation of lactating dairy cattle. A field experiment was established, with a forage rape crop planted at three different sowing rates of 2, 3.5 and 5 kg/ha. The crop was grazed using either a ‘multiple grazing’ system, where the forage rape was strip-grazed in a manner to promote regrowth to allow for regrazing, or a ‘take-all grazing’ system, where the forage rape was grazed once only after reaching maximum biomass. The grazing preferences of cows for the sowing rates during the grazing sessions were visually observed and recorded, and forage utilisation was determined from pre-grazing and post-grazing forage availability. Nitrogen (N) deposition from excreta was estimated using stocking density and time spent. Cattle preferred grazing the forage rape sown at 2 kg/ha, but this preference did not result in higher forage utilisation. Grazing method had no effect on forage utilisation or N deposition. Cows should be removed after ~80 min of grazing in a multiple grazing system to ensure future regrowth. Further work is necessary to fully investigate the effects of grazing method on forage utilisation and N deposition, and more accurate external devices and internal markers should be used in the future to provide better estimates of forage utilisation.

Isoelectric focusing in acrylamide gels: Use of amphoteric dyes as internal markers for determination of isoelectric points

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Conway-Jacobs ◽  
Lawrence M. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Internal Markers

Novel Internal Markers for 4DCT

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. S574
Author(s):  
J.E. McGary ◽  
E.B. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Internal Markers

Combination of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids with alkanes as faecal markers to estimate feed intake and digestibility in horses and cattle fed on grass-heathland vegetation communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos López López ◽  
Rafael Celaya ◽  
Ana Sofia Santos ◽  
Miguel A.M. Rodrigues ◽  
Koldo Osoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Heathland Vegetation ◽  
Internal Markers ◽  
Long Chain

Application of long-chain alcohols (LCOH) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) combined with alkanes as faecal markers to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of equines and cattle was assessed. Six crossbred mares, randomly divided in two groups (H1 and H2), and three nonlactating cows (C) were housed in individual stalls. Groups H1 and C were fed on a diet of ryegrass (Lolium perenne, 0.7) and heather (Erica spp., Calluna vulgaris, 0.3), and H2 received ryegrass (0.4), heather (0.3) and gorse (Ulex gallii, 0.3). Digestibility was estimated using LCOH (C28-OH and C30-OH) and LCFA (C28-FA, C30-FA, and C32-FA) as internal markers. For DMI estimation, animals received daily a paper pellet containing C24, C32, and C36n-alkanes. Intake was estimated from the faecal ratio of naturally occurring LCOH, LCFA, and dosed n-alkanes, and was compared with the known DMI values. In horses, all markers provided accurate estimates of DMD. Similarly, LCOH provided accurate estimates of DMD in cattle, whereas LCFA underestimated it (P < 0.05). Intake estimates were affected (P < 0.05) by the marker pair used in calculations. In general, the C24:C24-FA pair provided the most accurate DMI estimates. Results suggest the usefulness of combining epicuticular compounds as faecal markers to estimate DMI, DMD and diet composition of horses and cattle grazing grass-heathland communities, simultaneously.

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