The toxic substances control act and in vitro toxicity testing

In Vitro ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 676-695
Author(s):  
Hans L. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Toxic Substances Control Act

scholarly journals Testing Strategies of the In Vitro Micronucleus Assay for the Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials in BEAS-2B Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929
Author(s):  
Tereza Cervena ◽  
Andrea Rossnerova ◽  
Tana Zavodna ◽  
Jitka Sikorova ◽  
Kristyna Vrbova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Impact

The evaluation of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) is a broadly utilised approach in in vitro toxicity testing. Nevertheless, the specific properties of nanomaterials (NMs) give rise to concerns regarding the optimal methodological variants of the MN assay. In bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), we tested the genotoxicity of five types of NMs (TiO2: NM101, NM103; SiO2: NM200; Ag: NM300K, NM302) using four variants of MN protocols, differing in the time of exposure and the application of cytochalasin-B combined with the simultaneous and delayed co-treatment with NMs. Using transmission electron microscopy, we evaluated the impact of cytochalasin-B on the transport of NMs into the cells. To assess the behaviour of NMs in a culture media for individual testing conditions, we used dynamic light scattering measurement. The presence of NMs in the cells, their intracellular aggregation and dispersion properties were comparable when tests with or without cytochalasin-B were performed. The genotoxic potential of various TiO2 and Ag particles differed (NM101 < NM103 and NM302 < NM300K, respectively). The application of cytochalasin-B tended to increase the percentage of aberrant cells. In conclusion, the comparison of the testing strategies revealed that the level of DNA damage induced by NMs is affected by the selected methodological approach. This fact should be considered in the interpretation of the results of genotoxicity tests.

scholarly journals A survey of aerosol exposure systems relative to the analysis of cytotoxicity: A Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732110222
Author(s):  
David Thorne ◽  
Roman Wieczorek ◽  
Toshiro Fukushima ◽  
Han-Jae Shin ◽  
Robert Leverette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
System Data

During a Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) meeting, the in vitro toxicity testing Sub-Group (IVT SG) met to discuss the evolving field of aerosol exposure research. Given the diversity of exposure parameters and biological endpoints being used, it was considered a high priority to investigate and contextualise the responses obtained. This is particularly driven by the inability to compare between studies on different exposure systems due to user preferences and protocol differences. Twelve global tobacco and contract research companies met to discuss this topic and formulate an aligned approach on how this diverging field of research could be appropriately compared. Something that is becoming increasingly important, especially in the light of more focused regulatory scrutiny. A detailed and comprehensive survey was conducted on over 40 parameters ranging from aerosol generation, dilution and data analysis across eight geographically independent laboratories. The survey results emphasise the diversity of in vitro exposure parameters and methodologies employed across the IVT SG and highlighted pockets of harmonisation. For example, many of the biological protocol parameters are consistent across the Sub-Group. However, variables such as cell type and exposure time remain largely inconsistent. The next steps for this work will be to map parameters and system data against biological findings and investigate whether the observed inconsistencies translate into increased biological variability. The results from the survey provide improved awareness of parameters and nuances, that may be of substantial benefit to scientists in intersecting fields and in the development of harmonised approaches.

Time-lapse Phase-contrast Microphotography of Cell Populations as a Basis for Improvement of In Vitro Toxicity Assessment

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Miroslav Červinka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Pertinent Data

Recent trends in the field of in vitro toxicology have centred around the validation of in vitro methods. The ultimate goal is to obtain pertinent data with the minimum of effort. In our laboratory, we have used toxicological methods based on the evaluation of cell morphology and cell proliferation. A method suitable for this purpose is time-lapse microcinematographic (or video) recording of cellular changes, which we used for many years. For practical in vitro toxicity testing, however, this method is far too complicated. Therefore, we have tried to develop a simple modification for the evaluation of cell morphology and cell proliferation, which would still allow for a basic time-dependent analysis. Comparison of detailed microcinematographic analysis with analysis according to our new proliferation assay is demonstrated with cisplatin as the toxicant. We believe that a time-dependent approach could improve the in vitro assessment of toxicity.

Reproducibility of the model cavity method for In vitro toxicity testing of dental restorative materials

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
S.D. Meryon ◽  
R.M. Browne ◽  
P.F. Uphill ◽  
A.D. Cordery ◽  
R.F. Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cavity Method ◽  
Dental Restorative Materials ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Dental Restorative

scholarly journals In vitro toxicity studies of novel solar water disinfection reactors using the E-screen bioassay and the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Ozores Diez ◽  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Azahara Martínez-García ◽  
Monique Waso ◽  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Abstract Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering &gt;20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day.

Cellular Models for In Vitro Toxicity Testing

1998 ◽  
pp. 395-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Zucco ◽  
Isabella De Angelis ◽  
Annalaura Stammati
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cellular Models
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document