Fatty acid binding to serum albumin in Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Vorum ◽  
Cramer K. Christensen ◽  
Anders O. Pedersen ◽  
Rolf Brodersen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Leslie Plotnick
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic, serious disease in children and adolescents. Its diagnosis is straightforward and rarely subtle. The major challenges of this disease for the child, family, and health-care team involve long-term management of medical and metabolic factors as well as psychological and behavioral concerns. While developments in the past 10 to 15 years have made metabolic control technically possible, psychological stresses and behavioral problems often interfere with metabolic goals. There are few, if any, other diseases that require such intensive and extensive self-care skills. Definitions Diabetes generally is classified in two types. Type I, or IDDM, is seen mostly in younger people (children and adolescents). It previously was called juvenile onset or ketosisprone. Insulin deficiency characterizes IDDM, and patients need exogenous insulin for survival. Type II, or non-IDDM (NIDDM), previously called adult or maturity onset, is the type seen most commonly in older people and in obesity and is not discussed in this review. To make a diagnosis of diabetes, a child must have either classic symptoms with a random plasma glucose above 200 mg/dL or specific plasma glucose levels before and after a standard glucose load if asymptomatic. The diagnosis of IDDM usually is clear-cut.

scholarly journals FTIR Spectroscopic Investigation of Mineral Structure of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat Femur and Tibia

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Boyar ◽  
Belma Turan ◽  
Feride Severcan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be accepted as a heterogenous multi organ disorder that can affect various systems of the human body. Disorders include retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, musculoskeletal abnormalities such as diminished bone formation and bone healing retardation. Low bone mineral density is often mentioned as a complication for patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type I DM). Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats are good models for investigation of the complications of insulin dependent diabetes. In the present study, the effects of STZ induced diabetes on the mineral environment of rat bones namely femur and tibia were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. The results revealed that mineral crystal sizes increased and carbonate content decreased for diabetic femur and tibia. These changes can be due to the formation of osteoporosis which is widely seen in diabetic patients.

Acute metabolic and hormonal responses to the inhibition of lipolysis in non-obese patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus: effects of acipimox

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Fulcher ◽  
M. Walker ◽  
C. Catalano ◽  
M. Farrer ◽  
K. G. M. M. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration

1. Increased rates of fatty acid oxidation are frequently observed in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and may contribute to hyperglycaemia by both decreasing peripheral glucose disposal and, more importantly, by increasing the rate of gluconeogenesis and therefore hepatic glucose output. Despite this relationship between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, fasting glucose concentrations do not fall acutely in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus when plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and lipid oxidation rates are decreased, questioning the importance of this interaction to glycaemic control. We have therefore measured the acute changes that occur 120–150 min after administration of 500 mg of the anti-lipolytic agent acipimox in eight non-obese male patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 2. After administration of acipimox, lipolysis was inhibited as reflected by lower plasma non-esterified fatty acid (0.05 ± 0.02 versus 0.55 ± 0.05 mmol/1, P < 0.001) and blood glycerol (8 ± 1 versus 56 ± 8 μmol/l, P < 0.001) concentrations. The lipid oxidation rate was decreased (0.63 ± 0.05 versus 1.02 ± 0.08 mg min−1 kg−1, P < 0.001), whereas there was a significant increase in the carbohydrate oxidation rate (1.93 ± 0.17 versus 1.22 ± 0.18 mg min−1 kg−1, P = 0.02). In addition, in the lipolysis-suppressed patients, there was a significant increase in serum cortisol (329 ± 47 versus 196 ± 43 nmol/l, P=0.03), serum growth hormone (5.44 ± 2.1 versus 0.6 ± 0.2 ng/ml, P=0.04), plasma glucagon (12 ± 2.5 versus 8.2 ± 2.0 ng min−1 ml−1, P = 0.005), plasma noradrenaline (1.82 ± 0.26 versus 1.39 ± 0.21 nmol/l, P=0.004) and adrenaline (0.32 ± 0.08 versus 0.20 ± 0.05 nmol/l, P=0.04) concentrations compared with control. Despite this marked hormonal response, there was no difference in hepatic glucose output, fasting blood glucose concentration or peripheral glucose disposal, although non-oxidative glucose disposal was less after acipimox (0.16 ± 0.16 versus 0.74 ± 0.20 mg min−1 kg−1, P=0.05). 3. We conclude that an acute decrease in fatty acid oxidation results in a switch to oxidation of glucose at the expense of glycogen stores, but apparently does not increase peripheral glucose uptake. Hepatic glucose output and fasting blood glucose concentration are maintained by an acute counter-regulatory response which presumably increases glycogen breakdown. Inhibitors of lipolysis and lipid oxidation are therefore more likely to lower fasting blood glucose concentration in the glycogen-depleted state.

Novel Considerations on the Antibody/Autoantigen System in Type I (insulin-dependent) Diabetes Mellitus

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Franco Bottazzo ◽  
Stefano Genovese ◽  
Emanuele Bosi ◽  
Betty M. Dean ◽  
Michael R. Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Insulin Dependent
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