High School Athletics and the Wages of Black Males

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
High School Athletics ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
High School Athletic

This article examines the effects of high school athletic participation on the future wages of black males. Our evidence suggests that former black male athletes receive significantly greater wages than their otherwise comparable counterparts. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was used for the analysis and allows for comparisons of the athlete premium to be made at different points in time. Both the human capital and signaling models are discussed. There appears to be a once and for all enhancement to human capital that accrues to black males who participated in high school athletics. The article adds to the literature on determinants of black male wages and on the earnings effects of athletic participation.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Early Adult Education and Employment: Comparing Longitudinal Cohorts in Canada and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Anita Minh ◽  
Ute Bültmann ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld ◽  
Sander K. R. van Zon ◽  
Christopher B. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Education And Employment

Adolescent depressive symptoms are risk factors for lower education and unemployment in early adulthood. This study examines how the course of symptoms from ages 16–25 influences early adult education and employment in Canada and the USA. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 2348) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 Child/Young Adult (n = 3961), four trajectories (low-stable; increasing; decreasing; and increasing then decreasing, i.e., mid-peak) were linked to five outcomes (working with a post-secondary degree; a high school degree; no degree; in school; and NEET, i.e., not in employment, education, or training). In both countries, increasing, decreasing, and mid-peak trajectories were associated with higher odds of working with low educational credentials, and/or NEET relative to low-stable trajectories. In Canada, however, all trajectories had a higher predicted probability of either being in school or working with a post-secondary degree than the other outcomes; in the USA, all trajectory groups were most likely to be working with a high school degree. Higher depressive symptom levels at various points between adolescent and adulthood are associated with working with low education and NEET in Canada and the USA, but Canadians are more likely to have better education and employment outcomes.

Researching the Neighborhood and Schooling Experiences of Black Male High School “Students who Play Sports” in Atlanta and Chicago

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Adeoye O. Adeyemo ◽  
Jerome E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Black Male Students ◽  
K 12

Background/Context The corpus of scholarship on Black male students who play sports focuses on students at the collegiate level, thus ignoring the regional, neighborhood, and K–12 educational backgrounds and experiences of these young people before some matriculate into a college or university. This omission suggests the need for more robust investigations that (a) focus on Black males during K–12 schooling, (b) place Black male students’ experiences within the larger geographic (e.g., regions, neighborhoods and schools) and social and historical contexts in which they live and go to school, and thereby, (c) seek to understand how these contexts shape students’ experiences and beliefs about race and the role of academics and athletics in their lives and future. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study We investigated two research questions: (1) For Black male students who play high school sports, how do the social contexts shape their experiences and their beliefs about race and the role of academics and athletics in their lives and future? (2) And, what are the consequences of Black male students’ experiences and beliefs for their academic and athletic outcomes? This investigation across geographically and economically contrasting cities, neighborhoods, and schools in the U.S. South (metro Atlanta, Georgia) and Midwest (Chicago, Illinois) offers empirical, theoretical, and practice-related evidence about young Black males’ experiences and beliefs about race, academics, and athletics, while providing a window into the complex social and cultural worlds in which they live, go to school, and play sports. Research Design This article emanates from research studies that employed ethnographic research methods such as interviews and observations, while embedding the researchers within the communities where Black people resided. The research design used a cross-case analysis to investigate participants’ experiences and beliefs. The constant comparative method allowed for the synthesizing of data collected from two different research sites. Description of Main Findings Key findings revealed the importance for researchers to consider place and its implication in the experiences of Black male students who play sports, particularly their perceptions of the role of academics, athletics, and race in their lives. Conclusions/Recommendations This article moves the scholarly understanding of the study of Black male “students who play sports” forward by illuminating the centrality of places, whether a particular country, region, city, neighborhood, or school—in shaping participants’ experiences and beliefs. We offer insights for research, theory, and practice.

Using Repetitions to Fatigue to Predict One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press in Male High School Athletes

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mayhew ◽  
Chad D. Kerksick ◽  
Doug Lentz ◽  
John S. Ware ◽  
David L. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Male High School ◽  
Press Performance ◽  
New Equation ◽  
High School Athletic

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of repetitions to fatigue (RTF) for estimating one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press performance in male high school athletes. Members of high school athletic teams (N = 213, age = 16.3 ± 1.1 yrs, weight = 79.9 ± 16.7 kg) from four states were tested for 1-RM bench press and RTF after completing 4–6 weeks of resistance training. A new equation for use with male high school athletes was developed from a random sample of 180 participants; it appears to have excellent predictive potential (r = 0.96, SEE = 4.5 kg) and cross-validated well on a subsample (n = 33) from this population (r = 0.98, t = 0.64). Therefore, RTF can be used with acceptable accuracy to estimate maximal strength in the majority of adolescent male athletes who need to handle excessively heavy weights.

Relationship between High School Athletic Participation and Adult Fitness and Metabolic Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Angeli ◽  
Michelle Amundson ◽  
Nicole Eichman ◽  
Michael Sielsk ◽  
Daniel Angeli
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
High School Athletic

“We Learn through Our Struggles”: Nuancing Notions of Urban Black Male Academic Preparation for Postsecondary Success

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Chezare A. Warren
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Academic Preparation ◽  
Postsecondary Success ◽  
The Impact ◽  
College Or University

Background/Context Scholars agree that students’ academic preparation for college begins as early as middle school. This preparation includes both instructional and social supports. The present study draws much-needed attention to how Black males articulate the role and function of their Chicago high school for helping them negotiate the challenges of urban living to both earn admittance to, and graduate from, a four-year college or university. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Not enough is known about the specific supports most useful for improving urban Black males’ academic preparation to earn a baccalaureate degree from a four-year college or university. A single-sex public high school in Chicago (Nabur) rose to national prominence in 2010 for helping each of its 100% Black male graduates earn admission to college. This study investigates how members of this school's inaugural graduating class on track to graduate from college within 6 years of initial enrollment describe their high school academic experiences, and the impact of these experiences for shaping their college persistence. Exploring the contours of academic preparation through Black male students’ perspectives can be instructive for improving urban school reform efforts aimed at better preparing them for multiple postsecondary options. Population/Participants/Subjects Eighteen Black males—members of Nabur's inaugural graduating class who began at Nabur High School in 2006 and graduated in 2010—were participants in the study. Each of the young men, with the exception of one, attended Nabur all four years of their high school career. The young men self selected participation in the study. Each participant was on track to graduate from college within six years of their initial enrollment at the time of data collection. Research Design The young men participated in one in-depth one-on-one interview. Instructional and social supports—dimensions of academic preparation explored in this study—help to frame analysis and presentation of the findings. Findings/Results Students described teacher availability and academic expectations (instructional supports), as well as community building, social networking, and personal affirmation (social supports) as important aspects of their academic preparation for postsecondary success. Practitioners’ beliefs about Black males’ resilience as a framework for design and implementation of instructional and social supports emerges as most significant to their academic preparation for college. Conclusions/Recommendations Implications and recommendations for repurposing “struggle” as a site of resilience in efforts to better meet the unique needs of urban Black males in preparation for college are discussed.

High School Athletic Participation and Postsecondary Educational and Occupational Mobility: A Focus on Race and Gender

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Sabo ◽  
Merrill J. Melnick ◽  
Beth E. Vanfossen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
School Sports ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High School Athletic ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of race and gender differences on the social mobility of high school athletes using the longitudinal, panel data of the High School and Beyond study. Regressions of educational and occupational attainment measures on sports participation were estimated for subgroups differentiated by race/ethnic status, gender, and school location (urban, suburban, and rural). It was found that participation in high school sports was most likely to affect the postsecondary status attainment of white males and, to a lesser extent, suburban white females and rural Hispanic females. High school athletic participation had almost no effect on the college-going behavior or educational expectations of black males and females. Interscholastic athletic participation was generally unrelated to postsecondary occupational status and aspirations.

Removal From Activity After Sports- Related Concussion in Sex-Comparable Sports From the Michigan High School Athletic Association

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110200
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Zynda ◽  
Kyle M. Petit ◽  
Morgan Anderson ◽  
Christopher P. Tomczyk ◽  
Tracey Covassin
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
Injury Reporting ◽  
High School Athletic

Background: Research has demonstrated that female athletes are more likely to report their sports-related concussion (SRC) symptoms compared with male athletes; however, it is unknown if these reporting behaviors correspond to immediate removal from activity in sex-comparable sports. Purpose: To compare the incidence of high school student-athletes removed and not removed from activity after SRC in sex-comparable sports in Michigan. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Participants included student-athletes diagnosed with SRC participating in Michigan High School Athletic Association–sponsored athletic activities (22 sex-comparable sports) between 2016 and 2019. All SRCs were recorded in the association’s Head Injury Reporting System (HIRS) by certified athletic trainers, administrators, or coaches. Removal from activity indicated that the student-athlete was removed from play at the time of an injury event. If the student-athlete reported that his or her suspected injury event occurred earlier during activity or if symptom onset was delayed, “not removed from activity” was entered into the HIRS. Incidence proportions were calculated by dividing SRCs not removed by total SRCs in each sport. Risk ratios were calculated by dividing the incidence proportions of girls not removed by boys not removed in each sport. Results: A total of 4418 (2773 female, 1645 male) SRCs were reported, with the most occurring in female soccer players (n = 1023). Overall, 515 girls and 243 boys were not removed from activity, resulting in incidences of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.17-0.20) and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.13-0.17), respectively. Across all sports, girls were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09-1.45) times as likely to not be removed from activity compared with boys. Of the sports with the most SRCs—soccer, basketball, baseball/softball, and lacrosse—girls had 1.37 (95% CI, 1.09-1.72), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.89-1.47), 1.19 (95% CI, 0.77-1.84), and 1.35 (95% CI, 0.94-1.95) times the risk of not being removed, respectively. Conclusion: Girls were at greater risk of not being removed from activity compared with boys in sex-comparable sports. Results from this study should be incorporated into SRC education in Michigan and potentially elsewhere to inform affiliated personnel of potential sex differences and protect female student-athletes from further harm.

High school athletic participation, sexual behavior and adolescent pregnancy: a regional study

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F Sabo ◽  
Kathleen E Miller ◽  
Michael P Farrell ◽  
Merrill J Melnick ◽  
Grace M Barnes
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
High School Athletic
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