Gravity waves with effect of surface tension and fluid viscosity

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bo Chen ◽  
Wen-Yang Duan ◽  
Dong-Qiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Gravity waves with effect of surface tension and fluid viscosity

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bo CHEN ◽  
Wen-Yang DUAN ◽  
Dong-Qiang LU
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Capillary–gravity waves against a vertical cliff

1968 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Packham
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Solid Boundary ◽  
Additional Boundary Condition ◽  
Additional Force ◽  
Sloping Beach ◽  
Effect Of Surface

In considering the problem of waves on a sloping beach, little regard seems to have been given to the effect of surface tension. Wehausen and Laitone (7) tend to attribute this to the fact that the additional force is small. This does not, of course, preclude the possibility that the effect may be appreciable in certain regions, and Longuet-Higgins (3), for example, has shown this to be the case near the crests for waves on the point of breaking. They also add, which is probably rather more pertinent, that difficulties arise when a solid boundary pierces the surface, since an additional boundary condition is required at the intersection, but give no indication as to what the boundary condition should be.

The effects of surface tension and viscosity on the stability of two superposed fluids

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Quartic Equation ◽  
Stable Case ◽  
Unstable Case ◽  
Lower Fluid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Superposed Fluids ◽  
Effect Of Surface

ABSTRACTThe effect of surface tension on the stability of two superposed fluids can be described in a universal way by a non-dimensional ‘surface tension number’ S which provides a measure of the relative importance of surface tension and viscosity. When both fluids extend to infinity, the problem can be reduced to the finding of the roots of a quartic equation. The character of these roots is first analysed so as to obtain all possible modes of stability or instability. Two illustrative cases are then considered in further detail: an unstable case for which the density of the lower fluid is zero and a stable case for which the density of the upper fluid is zero, the latter case corresponding to gravity waves. Finally, the variational principle derived by Chandrasekhar for problems of this type is critically discussed and it is shown to be of less usefulness than had been thought, especially in those cases where periodic modes exist.

Capillary-gravity waves over a sloping beach

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Allwood
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Velocity Potential ◽  
Surface Tension Force ◽  
Finite Amplitude ◽  
Wave Solutions ◽  
Linearized Theory ◽  
Sloping Beach ◽  
Effect Of Surface

AbstractIt is shown how the solution for the velocity potential may be determined when the effect of surface tension is included in the linearized theory of surface waves over a sloping beach. In particular, two independent standing wave solutions are found, both of which have finite amplitude at the shoreline. The results agree with those of previous writers when the surface tension force tends to zero.

DECOUPLING THE EFFECT OF SURFACE TENSION AND VISCOSITY ON SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS UNDER DIFFERENT AMBIENT PRESSURES: NEAR-NOZZLE BEHAVIOR AND MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-654
Author(s):  
Zehao Feng ◽  
Shangqing Tong ◽  
Chenglong Tang ◽  
Cheng Zhan ◽  
Keiya Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Surfactant Impurities Can Explain the Jones-Ray Effect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Duignan ◽  
Marcel Baer ◽  
Christopher Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Added Salt ◽  
Effect Of Surface

<div> <p> </p><div> <div> <div> <p>The surface tension of dilute salt water is a fundamental property that is crucial to understanding the complexity of many aqueous phase processes. Small ions are known to be repelled from the air-water surface leading to an increase in the surface tension in accordance with the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. The Jones-Ray effect refers to the observation that at extremely low salt concentration the surface tension decreases in apparent contradiction with thermodynamics. Determining the mechanism that is responsible for this Jones-Ray effect is important for theoretically predicting the distribution of ions near surfaces. Here we show that this surface tension decrease can be explained by surfactant impurities in water that create a substantial negative electrostatic potential at the air-water interface. This potential strongly attracts positive cations in water to the interface lowering the surface tension and thus explaining the signature of the Jones-Ray effect. At higher salt concentrations, this electrostatic potential is screened by the added salt reducing the magnitude of this effect. The effect of surface curvature on this behavior is also examined and the implications for unexplained bubble phenomena is discussed. This work suggests that the purity standards for water may be inadequate and that the interactions between ions with background impurities are important to incorporate into our understanding of the driving forces that give rise to the speciation of ions at interfaces. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

Effects of surface tension and viscosity on airway reopening

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Gaver ◽  
R. W. Samsel ◽  
J. Solway
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Opening Pressure ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Airway Opening ◽  
Wall Compliance ◽  
Large Opening ◽  
Surface Tension Forces ◽  
The Relationship

We studied airway opening in a benchtop model intended to mimic bronchial walls held in apposition by airway lining fluid. We measured the relationship between the airway opening velocity (U) and the applied airway opening pressure in thin-walled polyethylene tubes of different radii (R) using lining fluids of different surface tensions (gamma) and viscosities (mu). Axial wall tension (T) was applied to modify the apparent wall compliance characteristics, and the lining film thickness (H) was varied. Increasing mu or gamma or decreasing R or T led to an increase in the airway opening pressures. The effect of H depended on T: when T was small, opening pressures increased slightly as H was decreased; when T was large, opening pressure was independent of H. Using dimensional analysis, we found that the relative importance of viscous and surface tension forces depends on the capillary number (Ca = microU/gamma). When Ca is small, the opening pressure is approximately 8 gamma/R and acts as an apparent “yield pressure” that must be exceeded before airway opening can begin. When Ca is large (Ca greater than 0.5), viscous forces add appreciably to the overall opening pressures. Based on these results, predictions of airway opening times suggest that airway closure can persist through a considerable portion of inspiration when lining fluid viscosity or surface tension are elevated.

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