scholarly journals Entropy bound and unitarity of scattering amplitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Dvali
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Maximal Entropy ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Particle Scattering ◽  
Consistent Theory ◽  
Running Coupling ◽  
Entropy Bounds ◽  
Classical Fields

Abstract We establish that unitarity of scattering amplitudes imposes universal entropy bounds. The maximal entropy of a self-sustained quantum field object of radius R is equal to its surface area and at the same time to the inverse running coupling α evaluated at the scale R. The saturation of these entropy bounds is in one-to-one correspondence with the non-perturbative saturation of unitarity by 2 → N particle scattering amplitudes at the point of optimal truncation. These bounds are more stringent than Bekenstein’s bound and in a consistent theory all three get saturated simultaneously. This is true for all known entropy-saturating objects such as solitons, instantons, baryons, oscillons, black holes or simply lumps of classical fields. We refer to these collectively as saturons and show that in renormalizable theories they behave in all other respects like black holes. Finally, it is argued that the confinement in SU(N) gauge theory can be understood as a direct consequence of the entropy bounds and unitarity.

scholarly journals Four-particle scattering amplitudes in QCD at NNLO to higher orders in the dimensional regulator

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taushif Ahmed ◽  
Johannes Henn ◽  
Bernhard Mistlberger
Keyword(s):  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Particle Scattering

scholarly journals ANALYTIC INVARIANT CHARGE IN QCD

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (30) ◽  
pp. 5475-5519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. NESTERENKO
Keyword(s):  
Perturbative Expansion ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Perturbative Approach ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Running Coupling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Quantum ◽  
Concrete Realization ◽  
Β Function ◽  
Analytic Invariant

This paper gives an overview of recently developed model for the QCD analytic invariant charge. Its underlying idea is to bring the analyticity condition, which follows from the general principles of local Quantum Field Theory, in perturbative approach to renormalization group (RG) method. The concrete realization of the latter consists in explicit imposition of analyticity requirement on the perturbative expansion of β function for the strong running coupling, with subsequent solution of the corresponding RG equation. In turn, this allows one to avoid the known difficulties originated in perturbative approximation of the RG functions. Ultimately, the proposed approach results in qualitatively new properties of the QCD invariant charge. The latter enables one to describe a wide range of the strong interaction processes both of perturbative and intrinsically nonperturbative nature.

scholarly journals On the entropy of a quantum field in 2 + 1 dimensional spinning black holes

1996 ◽  
Vol 388 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ho Lee ◽  
Hyeong-ChanKim ◽  
Jae Kwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Quantum Field

scholarly journals Massive Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Inspirals in Quantum Gravity

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Xavier Calmet ◽  
Boris Latosh
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
New States ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Classical Fields ◽  
Using Data

We show that alongside the already observed gravitational waves, quantum gravity predicts the existence of two additional massive classical fields and thus two new massive waves. We set a limit on their masses using data from Eöt-Wash-like experiments. We point out that the existence of these new states is a model independent prediction of quantum gravity. We explain how these new classical fields could impact astrophysical processes and in particular the binary inspirals of black holes. We calculate the emission rate of these new states in binary inspirals astrophysical processes.

Dispersion Relations for Three-Particle Scattering Amplitudes. I

1966 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Rubin ◽  
Robert Sugar ◽  
George Tiktopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Dispersion Relations ◽  
Particle Scattering

scholarly journals Kodama Time, Entropy Bounds, the Raychaudhuri  Equation, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabriel Abreu
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Raychaudhuri Equation ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space ◽  
Entropy Bounds

<p>General Relativity, while ultimately based on the Einstein equations, also allows one to quantitatively study some aspects of the theory without explicitly solving the Einstein equations. These geometrical notions of the theory provide an insight to the nature of more general spacetimes. In this thesis, the Raychaudhuri equation, the choice of the coordinate system, the notions of surface gravity and of entropy, and restrictions on negative energy densities on the form of the Quantum Interest Conjecture, will be discussed. First, using the Kodama vector, a geometrically preferred coordinate system is built. With this coordinate system the usual quantities, such as the Riemann and Einstein tensors, are calculated. Then, the notion of surface gravity is generalized in two different ways. The first generalization is developed considering radial ingoing and outgoing null geodesics, in situations of spherical symmetry. The other generalized surface gravity is a three-vector obtained from the spatial components of the redshifted four acceleration of a suitable set of fiducial observers. This vectorial surface gravity is then used to place a bound on the entropy of both static and rotating horizonless objects. This bound is obtain mostly by classical calculations, with a minimum use of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Additionally, several improved versions of the Raychaudhuri equation are developed and used in different scenarios, including a two congruence generalization of the equation. Ultimately semiclassical quantum general relativity is studied in the specific form of the Quantum Inequalities, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture. A variational proof of a version of the Quantum Interest Conjecture in (3 + 1)–dimensional Minkowski space is provided.</p>

scholarly journals Kodama Time, Entropy Bounds, the Raychaudhuri  Equation, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabriel Abreu
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Raychaudhuri Equation ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space ◽  
Entropy Bounds

<p>General Relativity, while ultimately based on the Einstein equations, also allows one to quantitatively study some aspects of the theory without explicitly solving the Einstein equations. These geometrical notions of the theory provide an insight to the nature of more general spacetimes. In this thesis, the Raychaudhuri equation, the choice of the coordinate system, the notions of surface gravity and of entropy, and restrictions on negative energy densities on the form of the Quantum Interest Conjecture, will be discussed. First, using the Kodama vector, a geometrically preferred coordinate system is built. With this coordinate system the usual quantities, such as the Riemann and Einstein tensors, are calculated. Then, the notion of surface gravity is generalized in two different ways. The first generalization is developed considering radial ingoing and outgoing null geodesics, in situations of spherical symmetry. The other generalized surface gravity is a three-vector obtained from the spatial components of the redshifted four acceleration of a suitable set of fiducial observers. This vectorial surface gravity is then used to place a bound on the entropy of both static and rotating horizonless objects. This bound is obtain mostly by classical calculations, with a minimum use of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Additionally, several improved versions of the Raychaudhuri equation are developed and used in different scenarios, including a two congruence generalization of the equation. Ultimately semiclassical quantum general relativity is studied in the specific form of the Quantum Inequalities, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture. A variational proof of a version of the Quantum Interest Conjecture in (3 + 1)–dimensional Minkowski space is provided.</p>

Gee Whiz Science Writing

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kunzig
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Science Writing ◽  
The Real ◽  
Contract Negotiations ◽  
Investigative Reporting ◽  
Science Writer

A couple of years ago I learned something: I learned that black holes spin. And as they spin, they drag the fabric of space-time around with them, whirling it like a tornado. “Where have you been?” you ask. “That's a direct consequence of general relativity! Lense and Thirring predicted that more than 80 years ago.” It had escaped my notice. It made my day when I (sort of) understood it. I wanted to tell someone—and by a wonderful stroke of luck, I'm paid to do just that. Days like that are why I'm a science writer—a “gee whiz” science writer, if you like. A lot of my peers these days consider the gee whiz approach outdated, naive, even a little lap-doggish; investigative reporting is in. “Isn't the real story the process of how science and medicine work?” Shannon Brownlee said recently, upon receiving a well-deserved prize for her critical reporting on medicine. “I'm talking about the power structure. I'm talking about influence. I'm talking about money.” I'm not much interested in those things. I agree they're often important—more important, no doubt, in breast cancer than in black hole research, more important the more applied and less basic the research gets. One of the real stories about medical research may well be how it is sometimes corrupted by conflicts of interest. Power, influence, and money are constants in human affairs, like sex and violence; and sometimes a science writer is forced to write about them, just as a baseball writer may be forced with heavy heart to write about contract negotiations or a doping scandal. Yet just as the “real story” about baseball remains the game itself, the “real story” about science, to me, is what makes it different from other human affairs, not the same. I'm talking about ideas. I'm talking about experiments. I'm talking about truth, and beauty, too. Most of all, I'm talking about the little nuggets of joy and delight that draw all of us, scientists and science writers alike, to this business, when with our outsized IQs we could be somewhere else pursuing larger slices of power, influence, and money.

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