scholarly journals The statistical mechanics of near-extremal black holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca V. Iliesiu ◽  
Gustavo J. Turiaci
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Fixed Charge ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Abstract An important open question in black hole thermodynamics is about the existence of a “mass gap” between an extremal black hole and the lightest near-extremal state within a sector of fixed charge. In this paper, we reliably compute the partition function of Reissner-Nordström near-extremal black holes at temperature scales comparable to the conjectured gap. We find that the density of states at fixed charge does not exhibit a gap; rather, at the expected gap energy scale, we see a continuum of states. We compute the partition function in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles, keeping track of all the fields appearing through a dimensional reduction on S2 in the near-horizon region. Our calculation shows that the relevant degrees of freedom at low temperatures are those of 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to the electromagnetic U(1) gauge field and to an SO(3) gauge field generated by the dimensional reduction.

scholarly journals The statistical mechanics of near-BPS black holes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Heydeman ◽  
Luca Iliesiu ◽  
Gustavo Joaquin Turiaci ◽  
Wenli Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Mass Gap ◽  
Extremal State ◽  
Continuum Of States ◽  
Perturbative Corrections ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Abstract Due to the failure of thermodynamics for low temperature near-extremal black holes, it has long been conjectured that a "thermodynamic mass gap'' exists between an extremal black hole and the lightest near-extremal state. For non-supersymmetric near-extremal black holes in Einstein gravity with an AdS2 throat, no such gap was found. Rather, at that energy scale, the spectrum exhibits a continuum of states, up to non-perturbative corrections. In this paper, we compute the partition function of near-BPS black holes in supergravity where the emergent, broken, symmetry is PSU(1,1|2). To reliably compute this partition function, we show that the gravitational path integral can be reduced to that of a N=4 supersymmetric extension of the Schwarzian theory, which we define and exactly quantize. In contrast to the non-supersymmetric case, we find that black holes in supergravity have a mass gap and a large extremal black hole degeneracy consistent with the Bekenstein-Hawking area. Our results verify a plethora of string theory conjectures, concerning the scale of the mass gap and the counting of extremal micro-states.

scholarly journals EXTREMAL BLACK HOLES, HOLOGRAPHY AND COARSE GRAINING

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Holographic Screens ◽  
Dynamical Description ◽  
Gravitational Thermodynamics ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

I review some of the concepts at the crossroads of gravitational thermodynamics, holography and quantum mechanics. First, the origin of gravitational thermodynamics due to coarse graining of quantum information is exemplified using the half-BPS sector of [Formula: see text] SYM and its LLM description in type IIB supergravity. The notion of black holes as effective geometries, its relation to the fuzzball programme and some of the puzzles raising for large black holes are discussed. Second, I review recent progress for extremal black holes, both microscopically, discussing a constituent model for stationary extremal non-BPS black holes, and semiclassically, discussing the extremal black hole/CFT conjecture. The latter is examined from the AdS3/CFT2 perspective. Third, I review the importance of the holographic principle to encode nonlocal gravity features allowing us to relate the gravitational physics of local observers with thermodynamics and the role causality plays in these arguments by identifying horizons (screens) as diathermic walls. I speculate with the emergence of an approximate CFT in the deep IR close to any horizon and its relation with an effective dynamical description of the degrees of freedom living on these holographic screens.

scholarly journals EXTREMAL BLACK HOLES AND ELEMENTARY STRING STATES

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 2081-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHOKE SEN
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Independent Parameters ◽  
Elementary String ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Some of the extremal black hole solutions in string theory have the same quantum numbers as the Bogomol’nyi saturated elementary string states. We explore the possibility that these black holes can be identified with elementary string excitations. It is shown that stringy effects could correct the Bekenstein-Hawking formula for the black hole entropy in such a way that it correctly reproduces the logarithm of the density of elementary string states. In particular, this entropy has the correct dependence on three independent parameters, the mass and the left-handed charge of the black hole, and the string coupling constant.

scholarly journals Distributions of extremal black holes in Calabi-Yau compactifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hulsey ◽  
Shamit Kachru ◽  
Sungyeon Yang ◽  
Max Zimet
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
Black Hole Horizon ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Vector Multiplet ◽  
Horizon Area ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Abstract We study non-supersymmetric extremal black hole excitations of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 supersymmetric string vacua arising from compactification on Calabi-Yau threefolds. The values of the (vector multiplet) moduli at the black hole horizon are governed by the attractor mechanism. This raises natural questions, such as “what is the distribution of attractor points on moduli space?” and “how many attractor black holes are there with horizon area up to a certain size?” We employ tools developed by Denef and Douglas [1] to answer these questions.

scholarly journals QUANTIZATION OF BLACK HOLES ENTROPY AND ITS COSMOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 1350066 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CRISTOFANO ◽  
G. MAIELLA ◽  
C. STORNAIOLO
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Hawking Temperature ◽  
Simple Interpretation ◽  
Level Number ◽  
Black Hole Temperature ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Starting from a quantization relation for primordial extremal black holes with electric and magnetic charges, it is shown that their entropy is quantized. Furthermore, the energy levels spacing for such black holes is derived as a function of the level number n, appearing in the quantization relation. Some interesting cosmological consequences are presented for small values of n. By producing a mismatch between the mass and the charge, the black hole temperature is derived and its behavior investigated. Finally extending the quantum relation to Schwarzschild black holes their temperature is found to be in agreement with the Hawking temperature and a simple interpretation of the microscopic degrees of freedom of the black holes is given.

scholarly journals NEAR EXTREMAL BLACK HOLE ENTROPY AS ENTANGLEMENT ENTROPY VIA AdS2/CFT1

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 2229-2230
Author(s):  
TATSUO AZEYANAGI
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Conformal Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

We holographically derive entropy of (near) extremal black holes as entanglement entropy of conformal quantum mechanics(CQM) living in two boundaries of AdS2.

scholarly journals From microscopic black hole entropy toward Hawking radiationc

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043031
Author(s):  
Jun Nian ◽  
Leopoldo A. Pando Zayas
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ads Black Holes ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
Horizon Limit ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

The AdS/CFT correspondence has recently provided a novel approach for counting the microstates of black holes impressively matching the macroscopic Bekenstein–Hawking entropy formula of rotating electrically charged asymptotically AdS black holes in four to seven dimensions. This approach is designed for supersymmetric extremal black holes, but can also be extended to nonsupersymmetric, near-extremal black holes. Besides the dual higher-dimensional boundary CFT, an effective 2D CFT emerges in a certain near-horizon limit accounting for both the extremal and the near-extremal black hole entropies. This effective 2D description is universal across dimensions and comes naturally equipped with an approach to quantitatively tackle aspects of Hawking radiation.

scholarly journals PHASE TRANSITION BETWEEN NON-EXTREMAL AND EXTREMAL REISSNER–NORDSTRÖM BLACK HOLES

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN SOO MYUNG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Reverse Process ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

We discuss the phase transition between non-extremal and extremal Reissner–Nordström black holes. This transition is considered as the T → 0 limit of the transition between the non-extremal and near-extremal black holes. We show that an evaporating process from non-extremal black hole to extremal one is possible to occur, but its reverse process is not possible because of the presence of the maximum temperature. Furthermore, it is shown that the Hawking–Page phase transition between small and large black holes is unlikely to occur in the AdS Reissner–Nordström black holes.

scholarly journals Island in charged black holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ling ◽  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
Zhuo-Yu Xian
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Extremal Surface ◽  
Charged Black Holes ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Abstract We study the information paradox for the eternal black hole with charges on a doubly-holographic model in general dimensions, where the charged black hole on a Planck brane is coupled to the baths on the conformal boundaries. In the case of weak tension, the brane can be treated as a probe such that its backreaction to the bulk is negligible. We analytically calculate the entanglement entropy of the radiation and obtain the Page curve with the presence of an island on the brane. For the near-extremal black holes, the growth rate is linear in the temperature. Taking both Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati term and nonzero tension into account, we obtain the numerical solution with backreaction in four-dimensional spacetime and find the quantum extremal surface at t = 0. To guarantee that a Page curve can be obtained in general cases, we propose two strategies to impose enough degrees of freedom on the brane such that the black hole information paradox can be properly described by the doubly-holographic setup.

scholarly journals Rotating 5D black holes: Interactions and deformations near extremality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Castro ◽  
Juan Pedraza ◽  
Chiara Toldo ◽  
Evita Verheijden
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Massive Scalar Field ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Angular Momenta ◽  
Horizon Geometry

We study a two-dimensional theory of gravity coupled to matter that is relevant to describe holographic properties of black holes with two equal angular momenta in five dimensions (with or without cosmological constant). We focus on the near-horizon geometry of the near-extremal black hole, where the effective theory reduces to Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity coupled to a massive scalar field. We compute the corrections to correlation functions due to cubic interactions present in this theory. A novel feature is that these corrections do not have a definite sign: for AdS_55 black holes the sign depends on the mass of the extremal solution. We discuss possible interpretations of these corrections from a gravitational and holographic perspective. We also quantify the imprint of the JT sector on the UV region, i.e. how these degrees of freedom, characteristic for the near-horizon region, influence the asymptotically far region of the black hole. This gives an interesting insight on how to interpret the IR modes in the context of their UV completion, which depends on the environment that contains the black hole.

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