Why is Aucuba japonica Smaller in Heavy Snowfall Areas? A Growth Simulation of Evergreen Broad-leaved Shrubs based on Shoot Allometry, Critical Shoot Sizes for Flowering and Photosynthetic Production

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kume ◽  
Yoshio Ino
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Growth Simulation ◽  
Aucuba Japonica ◽  
Photosynthetic Production ◽  
Shoot Allometry

The Limitations of Wintering Away From Customary Pastures in Relation to Dzud in Mongolia's Gobi Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-110
Author(s):  
Annika Ericksen
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Migration Decisions ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
High Uncertainty

This article, based on ethnographic research in a Gobi district in Mongolia, focuses on herders 'wintering away' from customary winter campsites to access better pasture elsewhere. Because of the drawbacks associated with wintering at non-customary as opposed to 'home' pastures, many herders consider 'wintering away' to be a last resort. In the 2009–10 dzud (winter disaster), in Bayanlig soum, most households that wintered away were hit by unusually heavy snowfall and suffered higher livestock losses than those households that stayed at their customary campsites. While herders' migration decisions are guided by expert knowledge of the environment, complicating factors and high uncertainty can contribute to livestock losses despite their best efforts. Mobility is essential to herders' success in a variable environment, but not all forms and instances of migration are equally beneficial. This article draws on herders' accounts to explore a migration dilemma in the Gobi that may become more common.

Growth Simulation of Young Chinese Fir Based on Virtual Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyu TANG ◽  
Ding LIN ◽  
Hongyu HUANG ◽  
Jie ZOU ◽  
Chongcheng CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Growth Simulation ◽  
Virtual Plant

scholarly journals Over-expression of an electron transport protein OmcS provides sufficient NADH for d-lactate production in cyanobacterium

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengkai Meng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Huawei Zhu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Transport Protein ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Photosynthetic Production ◽  
Reducing Equivalent ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Electron Transport Protein

Abstract Background An efficient supply of reducing equivalent is essential for chemicals production by engineered microbes. In phototrophic microbes, the NADPH generated from photosynthesis is the dominant form of reducing equivalent. However, most dehydrogenases prefer to utilize NADH as a cofactor. Thus, sufficient NADH supply is crucial to produce dehydrogenase-derived chemicals in cyanobacteria. Photosynthetic electron is the sole energy source and excess electrons are wasted in the light reactions of photosynthesis. Results Here we propose a novel strategy to direct the electrons to generate more ATP from light reactions to provide sufficient NADH for lactate production. To this end, we introduced an electron transport protein-encoding gene omcS into cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 and demonstrated that the introduced OmcS directs excess electrons from plastoquinone (PQ) to photosystem I (PSI) to stimulate cyclic electron transfer (CET). As a result, an approximately 30% increased intracellular ATP, 60% increased intracellular NADH concentrations and up to 60% increased biomass production with fourfold increased d-lactate production were achieved. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of proteins involved in linear electron transfer (LET), CET, and downregulation of proteins involved in respiratory electron transfer (RET), giving hints to understand the increased levels of ATP and NADH. Conclusions This strategy provides a novel orthologous way to improve photosynthesis via enhancing CET and supply sufficient NADH for the photosynthetic production of chemicals.

scholarly journals Optimization of a Novel Urban Growth Simulation Model Integrating an Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm and Cellular Automata for a Smart City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2338
Author(s):  
Xinxin Huang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Fengtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Growth Simulation ◽  
Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Fish Swarm ◽  
Ca Model

As one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, it is sensible to analysis historical urban land use characteristics and project the potentials of urban sustainable development for a smart city. The cellular automaton (CA) model is the widely applied in simulating urban growth, but the optimum parameters of variables driving urban growth in the model remains to be continued to improve. We propose a novel model integrating an artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) and CA for optimizing parameters of variables in the urban growth model and make a comparison between AFSA-CA and other five models, which is used to study a 40-year urban land growth of Wuhan. We found that the urban growth types from 1995 to 2015 appeared relatively consistent, mainly including infilling, edge-expansion and distant-leap types in Wuhan, which a certain range of urban land growth on the periphery of the central area. Additionally, although the genetic algorithms (GA)-CA model and the AFSA-CA model among the six models due to the distance variables, the parameter value of the GA-CA model is −15.5409 according to the fact that the population (POP) variable should be positively. As a result, the AFSA-CA model regardless of the initial parameter setting is superior to the GA-CA model and the GA-CA model is superior to all the other models. Finally, it is projected that the potentials of urban growth in Wuhan for 2025 and 2035 under three scenarios (natural urban land growth without any restrictions (NULG), sustainable urban land growth with cropland protection and ecological security (SULG), and economic urban land growth with sustainable development and economic development in the core area (EULG)) focus mainly on existing urban land and some new town centers based on AFSA-CA urban growth simulation model. An increasingly precise simulation can determine the potential increase area and quantity of urban land, providing a basis to judge the layout of urban land use for urban planners.

scholarly journals Habitat Characteristics Coincidence of Dead and Living Long-Tailed Gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) According to Extreme Snowfall

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Hee-Bok Park ◽  
Sungwon Hong
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution Modeling ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Lower Mobility

The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is a critically endangered herbivore in South Korea. Despite government efforts to recover the population through reintroduction programs, the animal remains vulnerable to heavy snowfall. From March to June 2010, 24 animals were found dead due to heavy snowfall in the Wangpi Stream basin. In this study, we hypothesized that gorals that died due to snowfall are low-status individuals that lived in the sub-optimal or non-suitable areas. Using the occurrence data from extensive field surveys from 2008 to 2010 in the Wangpi Stream and the carcass location data, we (1) defined the goral habitat characteristics and (2) compared the habitat characteristics between dead and living gorals using ensemble species distribution modeling. The results suggested that the sites where dead gorals were found were highly related to typical goral habitats. These results implied that the optimal goral habitats could become uninhabitable following heavy snowfall. Most of the dead animals were pregnant females or were young, implying that they could not escape their primary habitats due to lower mobility. Thus, when there is a climate catastrophe, the optimal goral habitats should be considered for rescue and artificial feeding.

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