scholarly journals Impacts of genomic research on soybean improvement in East Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Wah Li ◽  
Zhili Wang ◽  
Bingjun Jiang ◽  
Akito Kaga ◽  
Fuk-Ling Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The Republic

Abstract It has been commonly accepted that soybean domestication originated in East Asia. Although East Asia has the historical merit in soybean production, the USA has become the top soybean producer in the world since 1950s. Following that, Brazil and Argentina have been the major soybean producers since 1970s and 1990s, respectively. China has once been the exporter of soybean to Japan before 1990s, yet she became a net soybean importer as Japan and the Republic of Korea do. Furthermore, the soybean yield per unit area in East Asia has stagnated during the past decade. To improve soybean production and enhance food security in these East Asian countries, much investment has been made, especially in the breeding of better performing soybean germplasms. As a result, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea have become three important centers for soybean genomic research. With new technologies, the rate and precision of the identification of important genomic loci associated with desired traits from germplasm collections or mutants have increased significantly. Genome editing on soybean is also becoming more established. The year 2019 marked a new era for crop genome editing in the commercialization of the first genome-edited plant product, which is a high-oleic-acid soybean oil. In this review, we have summarized the latest developments in soybean breeding technologies and the remarkable progress in soybean breeding-related research in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals First record of Melanitta fusca in the Republic of Korea and update on Northeast Asian records

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaël Borzée ◽  
◽  
Nial Moores ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Melanitta Fusca ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northeast Asian

We report the first confirmed sighting of the globally Vulnerable Melanitta fusca (Anatidae, Anseriformes) from Yeongil Bay in Pohang in the Republic of Korea. Based on the review of the literature and published checklists of two separate databases (Birds Korea and eBird), we consider this to be the first record of M. fusca on the Korean Peninsula and only the third or fourth record of this species in coastal East Asia.

scholarly journals Genomic Research Favoring Higher Soybean Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
Marcela C. Pagano ◽  
Mohammad Miransari ◽  
Eduardo J.A. Corrêa ◽  
Neimar F. Duarte ◽  
Bakhytzhan K. Yelikbayev
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

Interest in the efficient production of soybean, as one of the most important crop plants, is significantly increasing worldwide. Soybean symbioses, the most important biological process affecting soybean yield and protein content, were revitalized due to the need for sustainable agricultural practices. Similar to many crop species, soybean can establish symbiotic associations with the soil bacteria rhizobia, and with the soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms are often applied as biofertilizers. Microbial interactions may importantly affect soybean production and plant health by activating different genomic pathways in soybean. Genomic research is an important tool, which may be used to elucidate and enhance the mechanisms controlling such actions and interactions. This review presents the available details on the genomic research favoring higher soybean production. Accordingly, new technologies applied to plant rhizosphere and symbiotic microbiota, root-plant endophytes, and details about the genetic composition of soybean inoculant strains are highlighted. Such details may be effectively used to enhance soybean growth and yield, under different conditions, including stress, resulting in a more sustainable production.

China, Japan, and Korea

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa L. Fong
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Sociologists, anthropologists, and historians have focused on diversity, inequality, and historical transformations in childhood and education in East Asian societies, while psychologists have focused on how the cultures, policies, and practices of East Asian societies have resulted in educational outcomes and patterns of child development that differ from those of societies outside East Asia, especially the United States. Prior to the 1980s, scholarship about childhood and education in East Asian societies was sparse, as social science scholarship infrastructures in East Asian societies were weak owing to political and economic limitations that resulted from the chaos left by the wars and revolutions that ravaged East Asian societies during the first half of the 20th century. In addition, the social sciences were dominated by Anglophone scholars whose interest in East Asian societies focused mostly on non–child-related aspects of those societies’ cultures, social structures, histories, politics, and literatures, while Anglophone psychologists and education researchers concentrated primarily on childhood and education in their own societies, paying little attention to these issues in East Asia. Scholarly interest in childhood and education in East Asia flourished after the 1980s, though,as a result of the increasing cultural, political, and economic power of East Asian societies; their tendency to do as well as, or even better than, Anglophone societies in international academic competitions; the rising numbers of emigrants from East Asia who brought interest and expertise in their home societies to the Anglophone societies to which they migrated; and globalizing forces that made East Asian societies more interesting to Anglophone social scientists, including psychologists and education researchers who had previously paid little attention to international comparisons. The amount of scholarly attention each country has attracted has been proportionate to its population, emigration patterns, and cultural, political, and economic influence on the rest of the world; thus, mainland China has attracted the bulk of scholarly attention paid to East Asian societies, with Japan coming in second, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) coming in third, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) not represented at all because it has been inaccessible to social scientists outside its borders.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing in Crop Plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2396-2400
Author(s):  
Abdulrezzak Memon
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Target Dna

Recently, most genomic research has focused on genome editing methods to develop new technologies that could be easy, reliable, and feasible to edit plant genomes for highly productive agriculture. Genome editing is based on alternating a specific target DNA sequence by adding, replacing, and removing DNA bases. This newest technology called CRISPR/Cas9 seems to be less time-consuming, more effective and used in many research areas of plant genetic research. CRISPR/Cas9 systems have many advantages in comparison with ZFNs and TALENs and has been extensively used for genome editing to many crop plant species. Around 20 crop species are successfully worked out for trait improvements, for example, yield improvement, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, and biotic and abiotic stress management. This review paper will overview recent advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing research in detail. The main focus will be on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome research.

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