The Case for Carbon Pricing

When it comes to responding to the problem of anthropogenic climate change, the overwhelming preference among policy experts is for a system of carbon pricing. This is normally justified on the grounds that it maximizes the welfare of future generations. The objective of this chapter is to provide a philosophical defense of carbon pricing based instead on contractualist foundations. The central claim is that the negative externality of greenhouse gas emissions violates a reciprocity condition that is a central normative constraint in the system of cooperation in our society. A system of carbon taxation is recommended on the grounds that it addresses this externality problem more directly than any other policy alternative. The merits of such a regime are illustrated using the example of agricultural production and the carbon emissions associated with food supply.

ISU KESEHATAN DALAM SENGKETA IMPOR DAGING AYAM ANTARA INDONESIA – BRAZIL DI WTO

This paper discusses the issue of human health protection as one of the exceptions of GATT obligations, considering the elements in Article XX (b) of GATT are still general in nature and thus have the potential to bring different interpretation. Focusing on the elements of "necessary to protect human life or health" and "arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination", this paper seeks to explore the various meanings of Article XX (b) GATT, including its implementation in an in concreto dispute, namely Indonesia's dispute with Brazil over chicken meat import policy. The result shows that the element of "necessary to protect human life or health" will be deemed if the state can demonstrate the existence of health risks, adopt necessary policies that mitigate such risks, and there is no other policy alternative more friendly to international trade available. In relation to the more subjective element of "arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination", the principle of good faith has not yet given a place in the consideration of this element.

SOCIALIZATION OF POLICY ALTERNATIVE MODELS IN EFFORTS OF HANDLE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROBLEMS IN YOSOREJO VILLAGE, METRO CITY

Various policies have been issued by the government in an effort to break the chain of spreading COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. However, from a number of policies that have been issued, until now there has been no decrease in the number of positive cases of COVID-19, even every day the number of confirmed positive cases is increasing and the spread is increasingly widespread in various regions in Indonesia. The goal to be achieved in this community service activity is as a form of introducing and providing understanding to the public about alternative policy models in overcoming the COVID-19 problem. The service was carried out on Monday, August 31, 2020 in Yosorejo Village, East Metro District, Metro City. This activity took place in the form of socialization and discussions with the local community. The result of this activity is the achievement of goals and benefits in community service activities.

Analisis Kebijakan Pengembangan Usaha Keluarga Sasaran Program Jaminan Sosial Cilegon Mandiri (KSJSCM)

Mayor Regulation No. 7 of 2017 concerning Jaminan Sosial Cilegon Mandiri. (JSCM) is a program that aims to support the fulfillment of basic needs, education, and family health of poor and disadvantaged people in the form of social assistance. One of the goals of this program is for the family who receives the program able to develop businesses that are managed continuously to improve family welfare. This paper tries to provide recommendations to policy implementers regarding policy alternative to develop and manage bussiness of target group (families that receive JSCM) by formulation of policy analysis issues, formulation of objectives, alternative policies, criteria and assessment of alternative policies and recommendations.

The effect of paternalistic alternatives on attitudes toward default nudges

Nudges are increasingly being proposed and used as a policy tool around the world. The success of nudges depends on public acceptance. However, several questions about what makes a nudge acceptable remain unanswered. In this paper, we examine whether policy alternatives to nudges influence the public's acceptance of these nudges: Do attitudes change when the nudge is presented alongside either a more paternalistic policy alternative (legislation) or a less paternalistic alternative (no behavioral intervention)? In two separate samples drawn from the Swedish general public, we find a very small effect of alternatives on the acceptability of various default nudges overall. Surprisingly, we find that when the alternative to the nudge is legislation, acceptance decreases and perceived intrusiveness increases (relative to conditions where the alternative is no regulation). An implication of this finding is that acceptance of nudges may not always automatically increase when nudges are explicitly compared to more paternalistic alternatives.

Jordanian Nursing Homes: Admission Policy Analysis

DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM SITUATION: Although the elderly have many physical, mental, and psychosocial needs, nursing homes are still a new emergent concept in Jordan. Moreover, the elderly who have access to nursing homes, are often not admitted, based on specific criteria, nor have access to governmental funds. The elderly that are admitted to nursing homes are admitted for a myriad of reasons, such as families’ desires, referrals from the ministry of social welfare due to socioeconomic issues, health issues (i.e. disability), and absence of caregivers (Al-Qudah, 2011). What is lacking in Jordan, is a well-defined admission and screening tool that clearly defines eligibility for nursing home admission POLICY ALTERNATIVE: The policy alternative is leaving Jordanian elderly with special needs in their homes without receiving appropriate care predisposing the elderly to a higher risk of health complications. North Carolina has been chosen as an example of a state that implements a screening tool for admission. RECOMMENDATIONS: The Ministry of Social Development might tailor the NC Medicaid forms (Level I and Katz and MoCA, and Level II of the NC Medicaid screening tool) as an admission screening policy that could be successful in identifying the eligible older adults to admit to nursing homes and receive designated aids from the Jordanian governmental organizations.