scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing in Crop Plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2396-2400
Author(s):  
Abdulrezzak Memon
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Target Dna

Recently, most genomic research has focused on genome editing methods to develop new technologies that could be easy, reliable, and feasible to edit plant genomes for highly productive agriculture. Genome editing is based on alternating a specific target DNA sequence by adding, replacing, and removing DNA bases. This newest technology called CRISPR/Cas9 seems to be less time-consuming, more effective and used in many research areas of plant genetic research. CRISPR/Cas9 systems have many advantages in comparison with ZFNs and TALENs and has been extensively used for genome editing to many crop plant species. Around 20 crop species are successfully worked out for trait improvements, for example, yield improvement, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, and biotic and abiotic stress management. This review paper will overview recent advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing research in detail. The main focus will be on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome research.

scholarly journals Efficient Targeted Gene Insertion in Maize using Agrobacterium-Mediated Delivery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Svitashev ◽  
Dave Peterson ◽  
Pierjuigi Barone ◽  
Brian Lenderts ◽  
Chris Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
Maize Transformation ◽  
Dna Double Strand Break ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Marker Free

Abstract CRISPR-Cas is a powerful DNA double strand break technology with wide-ranging applications in plant genome modification. However, the efficiency of genome editing depends on various factors including plant genetic transformation processes and types of modifications desired. Agrobacterium infection is the preferred method of transformation and delivery of editing components into the plant cell. While this method has been successfully used to generate gene knock-outs in multiple crops, precise nucleotide replacement and especially gene insertion into a pre-defined genomic location remain highly challenging. Here we report an efficient, heritable, selectable marker-free site-specific gene insertion in maize using Agrobacterium-mediated delivery. Advancements in maize transformation and new vector design enabled targeted insertion with frequencies as high as 8–10%. Importantly, these advancements allowed not only an improvement of the frequency but also of the quality of generated events. These results further enable the application of genome editing for trait product development in a wide variety of crop species amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

scholarly journals Genomic Research Favoring Higher Soybean Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
Marcela C. Pagano ◽  
Mohammad Miransari ◽  
Eduardo J.A. Corrêa ◽  
Neimar F. Duarte ◽  
Bakhytzhan K. Yelikbayev
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

Interest in the efficient production of soybean, as one of the most important crop plants, is significantly increasing worldwide. Soybean symbioses, the most important biological process affecting soybean yield and protein content, were revitalized due to the need for sustainable agricultural practices. Similar to many crop species, soybean can establish symbiotic associations with the soil bacteria rhizobia, and with the soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms are often applied as biofertilizers. Microbial interactions may importantly affect soybean production and plant health by activating different genomic pathways in soybean. Genomic research is an important tool, which may be used to elucidate and enhance the mechanisms controlling such actions and interactions. This review presents the available details on the genomic research favoring higher soybean production. Accordingly, new technologies applied to plant rhizosphere and symbiotic microbiota, root-plant endophytes, and details about the genetic composition of soybean inoculant strains are highlighted. Such details may be effectively used to enhance soybean growth and yield, under different conditions, including stress, resulting in a more sustainable production.

scholarly journals Impacts of genomic research on soybean improvement in East Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Wah Li ◽  
Zhili Wang ◽  
Bingjun Jiang ◽  
Akito Kaga ◽  
Fuk-Ling Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The Republic

Abstract It has been commonly accepted that soybean domestication originated in East Asia. Although East Asia has the historical merit in soybean production, the USA has become the top soybean producer in the world since 1950s. Following that, Brazil and Argentina have been the major soybean producers since 1970s and 1990s, respectively. China has once been the exporter of soybean to Japan before 1990s, yet she became a net soybean importer as Japan and the Republic of Korea do. Furthermore, the soybean yield per unit area in East Asia has stagnated during the past decade. To improve soybean production and enhance food security in these East Asian countries, much investment has been made, especially in the breeding of better performing soybean germplasms. As a result, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea have become three important centers for soybean genomic research. With new technologies, the rate and precision of the identification of important genomic loci associated with desired traits from germplasm collections or mutants have increased significantly. Genome editing on soybean is also becoming more established. The year 2019 marked a new era for crop genome editing in the commercialization of the first genome-edited plant product, which is a high-oleic-acid soybean oil. In this review, we have summarized the latest developments in soybean breeding technologies and the remarkable progress in soybean breeding-related research in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Genome editing in plants using CRISPR type I-D nuclease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishi Osakabe ◽  
Naoki Wada ◽  
Tomoko Miyaji ◽  
Emi Murakami ◽  
Kazuya Marui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Crispr System ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Short Indels

Abstract Genome editing in plants has advanced greatly by applying the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)-Cas system, especially CRISPR-Cas9. However, CRISPR type I—the most abundant CRISPR system in bacteria—has not been exploited for plant genome modification. In type I CRISPR-Cas systems, e.g., type I-E, Cas3 nucleases degrade the target DNA in mammals. Here, we present a type I-D (TiD) CRISPR-Cas genome editing system in plants. TiD lacks the Cas3 nuclease domain; instead, Cas10d is the functional nuclease in vivo. TiD was active in targeted mutagenesis of tomato genomic DNA. The mutations generated by TiD differed from those of CRISPR/Cas9; both bi-directional long-range deletions and short indels mutations were detected in tomato cells. Furthermore, TiD can be used to efficiently generate bi-allelic mutant plants in the first generation. These findings indicate that TiD is a unique CRISPR system that can be used for genome engineering in plants.

scholarly journals Non-GM Genome Editing Approaches in Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Gong ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Jose R. Botella
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies have the potential to fast-track large-scale crop breeding programs. However, the rigid cell wall limits the delivery of CRISPR/Cas components into plant cells, decreasing genome editing efficiency. Established methods, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated or biolistic transformation have been used to integrate genetic cassettes containing CRISPR components into the plant genome. Although efficient, these methods pose several problems, including 1) The transformation process requires laborious and time-consuming tissue culture and regeneration steps; 2) many crop species and elite varieties are recalcitrant to transformation; 3) The segregation of transgenes in vegetatively propagated or highly heterozygous crops, such as pineapple, is either difficult or impossible; and 4) The production of a genetically modified first generation can lead to public controversy and onerous government regulations. The development of transgene-free genome editing technologies can address many problems associated with transgenic-based approaches. Transgene-free genome editing have been achieved through the delivery of preassembled CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoproteins, although its application is limited. The use of viral vectors for delivery of CRISPR/Cas components has recently emerged as a powerful alternative but it requires further exploration. In this review, we discuss the different strategies, principles, applications, and future directions of transgene-free genome editing methods.

scholarly journals Use of CRISPR systems in plant genome editing: toward new opportunities in agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Ricroch ◽  
Pauline Clairand ◽  
Wendy Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Agricultural Applications

Initially discovered in bacteria and archaea, CRISPR–Cas9 is an adaptive immune system found in prokaryotes. In 2012, scientists found a way to use it as a genome editing tool. In 2013, its application in plants was successfully achieved. This breakthrough has opened up many new opportunities for researchers, including the opportunity to gain a better understanding of plant biological systems more quickly. The present study reviews agricultural applications related to the use of CRISPR systems in plants from 52 peer-reviewed articles published since 2014. Based on this literature review, the main use of CRISPR systems is to achieve improved yield performance, biofortification, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, with rice (Oryza sativa) being the most studied crop.

An Era of CRISPR/ Cas9 Mediated Plant Genome Editing

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Khurshid ◽  
Sohail Ahmad Jan ◽  
Zabta Khan Shinwari ◽  
Muhammad Jamal ◽  
Sabir Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Genome

scholarly journals Exosome/Liposome-like Nanoparticles: New Carriers for CRISPR Genome Editing in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7456
Author(s):  
Mousa A. Alghuthaymi ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan ◽  
Sultan Habibullah Khan ◽  
Farah K. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Crispr System ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Rapid developments in the field of plant genome editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems necessitate more detailed consideration of the delivery of the CRISPR system into plants. Successful and safe editing of plant genomes is partly based on efficient delivery of the CRISPR system. Along with the use of plasmids and viral vectors as cargo material for genome editing, non-viral vectors have also been considered for delivery purposes. These non-viral vectors can be made of a variety of materials, including inorganic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and protein- and peptide-based nanoparticles, as well as nanoscale polymeric materials. They have a decreased immune response, an advantage over viral vectors, and offer additional flexibility in their design, allowing them to be functionalized and targeted to specific sites in a biological system with low cytotoxicity. This review is dedicated to describing the delivery methods of CRISPR system into plants with emphasis on the use of non-viral vectors.

scholarly journals Knowing when to talk? Plant genome editing as a site for pre-engagement institutional reflexivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252199979
Author(s):  
Robert D.J. Smith ◽  
Sarah Hartley ◽  
Patrick Middleton ◽  
Tracey Jewitt
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
High Profile ◽  
A Site

Citizen and stakeholder engagement is frequently portrayed as vital for socially accountable science policy but there is a growing understanding of how institutional dynamics shape engagement exercises in ways that prevent them from realising their full potential. Limited attention has been devoted to developing the means to expose institutional features, allow policy-makers to reflect on how they will shape engagement and respond appropriately. Here, therefore, we develop and test a methodological framework to facilitate pre-engagement institutional reflexivity with one of the United Kingdom’s eminent science organisations as it grappled with a new, high-profile and politicised technology, genome editing. We show how this approach allowed policy-makers to reflect on their institutional position and enrich decision-making at a time when they faced pressure to legitimate decisions with engagement. Further descriptions of such pre-engagement institutional reflexivity are needed to better bridge theory and practice in the social studies of science.

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