scholarly journals Both resistance- and endurance-type exercise reduce the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and in insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients

Diabetologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-W. van Dijk ◽  
R. J. F. Manders ◽  
K. Tummers ◽  
A. G. Bonomi ◽  
C. D. A. Stehouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Elevated remnant-like lipoprotein particles in impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetic patients

Diabetes Care ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Watanabe ◽  
T. Taniguchi ◽  
H. Taketoh ◽  
Y. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Namura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 autoantibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of a subset of type 2 diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Fosgerau ◽  
P Galle ◽  
T Hansen ◽  
A Albrechtsen ◽  
C de Lemos Rieper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractInterleukin-6 (IL6) is critically involved in inflammation and metabolism. About 1% of people produce IL6 autoantibodies (aAb-IL6) that impair IL6 signaling in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of such aAb-IL6 is increased in type 2 diabetic patients and that aAb-IL6 plays a direct role in causing hyperglycemia. In humans, the prevalence of circulating high-affinity neutralizing aAb-IL6 was 2.5% in the type 2 diabetic patients and 1% in the controls (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–4.9, P=0.01). To test for the role of aAb-IL6 in causing hyperglycemia, such aAb-IL6 were induced in mice by a validated vaccination procedure. Mice with plasma levels of aAb-IL6 similar to the 2.5% type 2 diabetic patients developed obesity and impaired glucose tolerance (area under the curve (AUC) glucose, 2056±62 vs 1793±62, P=0.05) as compared with sham-vaccinated mice, when challenged with a high-fat diet. Mice with very high plasma levels of aAb-IL6 developed elevated fasting plasma glucose (mM, 4.8±0.4 vs 3.3±0.1, P<0.001) and impaired glucose tolerance (AUC glucose, 1340±38 vs 916±25, P<0.001) as compared with sham-control mice on normal chow. In conclusion, the prevalence of plasma aAb-IL6 at levels known to impair IL6 signaling in vivo is increased 2.5-fold in people with type 2 diabetes. In mice, matching levels of aAb-IL6 cause obesity and hyperglycemia. These data suggest that a small subset of type 2 diabetes may in part evolve from an autoimmune attack against IL6.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Ching-Chia Wang ◽  
Huang-Jen Chen ◽  
Ding-Cheng Chan ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.

scholarly journals Separate Impact of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance on the Incretin Effect in Normal Subjects and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muscelli ◽  
A. Mari ◽  
A. Casolaro ◽  
S. Camastra ◽  
G. Seghieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Incretin Effect ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Increased plasma concentrations of osteoprotegerin in type 2 diabetic patients with microvascular complications

2003 ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST Knudsen ◽  
CH Foss ◽  
PL Poulsen ◽  
NH Andersen ◽  
CE Mogensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Albumin Excretion Rate ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

OBJECTIVE: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a newly identified inhibitor of bone resorption. Recent studies indicate that OPG also acts as an important regulatory molecule in the vasculature. Plasma levels of OPG seem to be elevated in subjects with diabetes as well as in non-diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between plasma OPG levels and microvascular complications and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS: Four groups of 20 subjects in each, individually matched for age and gender, were included in the study: (i) subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT); (ii) subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); (iii) type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy; and (iv) type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic maculopathy (DMa). Plasma concentration of OPG was measured in duplicate by a sandwich ELISA method. Furthermore, fundus photography, flourescein angiography, and measurements of urinary albumin excretion rate (RIA) were performed. RESULTS: Plasma OPG was significantly higher in diabetic (iii+iv) than in NGT (i) subjects (3.04+/-0.15 vs 2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P<0.05). Plasma OPG was significantly higher in the DMa (iv) group than in the NGT (i) group (3.25+/-0.23 vs 2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P=0.01). Moreover, plasma OPG was significantly higher (3.61+/-0.36 ng/ml) in the group of diabetic subjects with both microalbuminuria and DMa (n=7) than in the NGT (i) (2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P<0.01), IGT (ii) (2.82+/-0.21 ng/ml, P<0.05), and no retinopathy (iii) groups (2.83+/-0.20 ng/ml, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found increased levels of OPG in plasma from diabetic patients with microvascular complications. This finding indicates that OPG may be involved in the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetes [corrected].

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