scholarly journals Hit-and-run: a Swedish nationwide cohort study of serious transport accidents and convictions due to traffic offenses in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Lorena Fernández de la Cruz ◽  
Gustaf Brander ◽  
Erik Andersson ◽  
Brian M. D’Onofrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Transport Accidents

Abstract Purpose Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) often report driving-related obsessions, such as fears of causing accidents, but the risk of transport accidents in OCD is unknown. We investigated whether individuals with OCD have an increased risk of serious transport accidents and convictions due to traffic offenses and explored the role of psychiatric comorbidities. Methods We included all individuals ≥ 18 years living in Sweden between 1997 and 2013 (N = 5,760,734). A total of 23,126 individuals had a diagnosis of OCD in the National Patient Register. We also identified 16,607 families with full siblings discordant for OCD. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of three outcomes in individuals with OCD, compared to unexposed individuals and their unexposed full siblings: injuries or deaths due to transport accidents, injuries or deaths due to motor vehicle accidents, and convictions related to traffic offenses. Psychiatric comorbidities were systematically adjusted for. Results Women, but not men, with OCD had a marginally increased risk of serious transport accidents (adjusted HR = 1.20 [95% CI 1.13–1.28]) and motor vehicle accidents (adjusted HR = 1.20 [95% CI 1.09–1.31]), compared to unaffected individuals. Neither women nor men with OCD had a significantly increased risk of convictions. The sibling comparisons showed no significant associations. When psychiatric comorbidities were adjusted for, several observed associations became non-significant or inversed (HRs and 95% CIs below one). Conclusion The risks of serious transport accidents and driving-related criminal convictions in OCD are negligible and heavily influenced by psychiatric comorbidity.

T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene in Turkish patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şenel Tot ◽  
M. Emin Erdal ◽  
Kemal Yazıcı ◽  
Aylin Ertekin Yazıcı ◽  
Özmen Metin
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
T102c Polymorphism ◽  
Turkish Patients

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the possible association between T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene and susceptibility to and clinical features of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodFifty-eight patients with OCD and 83 healthy controls were included in the study. All patients were interviewed and rated by Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphisms of 5-HT2A receptor gene were determined by PCR technique in DNAs of peripheral leucocytes.ResultsOCD patients and healthy controls did not show significant differences in genotype distribution for both polymorphisms investigated. We found that frequencies of the TT genotype for T102C polymorphism and the AA genotype for –1438 G/A polymorphism were significantly higher in patients with severe OCD compared to those with moderate or moderate–severe OCD.ConclusionThe –1438 G/A and T102C polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene are not associated with an increased risk of OCD. Our data suggest that the TT genotype of T102C and the AA genotype of –1438 G/A polymorphism might be a factor in clinical severity of OCD.

An increased risk of motor vehicle accidents after prescription of methadone

Addiction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen G. Bramness ◽  
Svetlana Skurtveit ◽  
Jørg Mørland ◽  
Anders Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Does clozapine cause or worsen obsessive compulsive symptoms? An analysis and literature review

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bleakley ◽  
David Brown ◽  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Common

Background: Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic in treatment-resistant schizophrenia but its use portends with a high burden of adverse reactions. One adverse event reported both in case reports and cross-sectional surveys is the emergence or worsening of obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS). Objectives: This study presents a retrospective review of a UK cohort of clozapine-treated individuals with the aim to further investigate the complex relationship between clozapine and OCS. Methods: An extensive review of the medical records of 49 patients receiving clozapine in the Southampton area was undertaken. We searched for a diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder, signs or symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder or the prescribing of selected antidepressants the year before clozapine initiation and the year after. Results: Fifteen patients (31%) had reports of OCS during the 2-year data collection period. Twelve patients (24%) had OCS before clozapine initiation while only 7 (14%) had symptoms after clozapine was initiated. De novo OCS were reported in three (6%) cases after 5–9 months of clozapine treatment. Conclusions: As with previous studies it was not possible to establish a definitive link between clozapine and OCS. Clinicians should be mindful of the common comorbidity of OCS and schizophrenia and the possible increased risk incurred when starting clozapine.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Hospitalization Related to Motor Vehicle Accidents Among People Taking Zolpidem: A Case–Crossover Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Hsu Yang ◽  
Jung-Nien Lai ◽  
Chang-Hsing Lee ◽  
Jung-Der Wang ◽  
Pau-Chung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S495-S495 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Freitas ◽  
M.C. Ferreira ◽  
T. Correia ◽  
I. Portinha ◽  
Z. Correia
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Clinical Records

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe mental illness that causes significant stress in children and adolescents. It is possible to infer three distinct etiologies – neurobiology, environment and dysfunctional interpretative patterns. Certain characteristics are attributable to OCD with onset in childhood or adolescence as higher prevalence in males, increased frequency of isolated compulsions (more cleaning, repeating and checking), higher rate of aggressive obsessions and more common accumulation behaviors. There are several psychiatric comorbidities associated with OCD like anxiety disorder and major depression. The first-line treatment in OCD is the association of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and individual psychotherapy.The authors reviewed the clinical records of patients diagnosed with OCD observed in a child and adolescence psychiatry liaison consultation between April and September 2015, inclusive, aiming to characterize the sample, to describe the typical clinical picture and to evaluate the existence of physical and/or psychiatric comorbidities, comparing the results with those expected in literature.The typical patient profile found was a 12-year-old male, living with relatives, with no neonatal complications, with stable home environment, without family psychiatric history, with associated medical comorbidities, with age of onset symptoms at 10.5 years-old, with only an obsession (contamination), with only a compulsion (cleaning or checking), with psychiatric comorbidities, treated with SSRI and without psychologyaccompaniment.There are some limitations that must be taken into account because the sample was taken from a liaison psychiatry consultation, but in general terms, the results were similar to those described in the literature.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Case Report: Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comorbid With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Ranli Li
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition that is associated with considerable morbidity, and ~90% of individuals with OCD have another psychiatric comorbidity. Patients with comorbid OCD and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have limited insight and poor psychosocial function, respond poorly to drug treatment, and have an increased risk of suicide. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been attempted to improve symptoms of OCD when drug treatment does not have a satisfactory effect. This report describes a patient who had OCD comorbid with BDD that was successfully treated with modified ECT. Although the mechanism of its effect is unclear, modified ECT may be an alternative treatment for patients with comorbid OCD and BDD. Its efficacy and mechanism of action require further investigation in a large sample of patients with these comorbid disorders.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests in Patients of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762110428
Author(s):  
Sandhya M. ◽  
Sunita Mittal ◽  
Rajesh Kathrotia ◽  
Vikram Singh Rawat ◽  
Yogesh Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parasympathetic Tone

Background: Patients with psychiatric disorders are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, reducing life expectancy. Autonomic dysfunction has been linked to this increased risk; many studies have found reductions in heart rate variability (HRV). Only a few studies have systematically explored the relationship between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autonomic function, and they have found contradicting results. The present study is intended to explore comprehensive autonomic functions in OCD patients and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 18 OCD patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5 (DSM-5) criteria were enrolled to undergo comprehensive autonomic function testing, and the results were compared with 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: Time-domain parameters of HRV such as standard deviation of the RR intervals, coefficient of variance of RR intervals, standard deviation of differences between adjacent RR intervals, root square of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals, and percentage of number of RR interval differences ≥ 50 ms were significantly lower in OCD patients, indicating lesser parasympathetic tone. Frequency-domain parameters such as total power and very low frequency were significantly lower in OCD patients, indicating a significant decrease in autonomic tone. Nonlinear parameters such as dispersion of points perpendicular to the line of identity and dispersion of points along the line of identity were significantly lower in OCD patients, indicating altered vagal and sympathetic tone. In autonomic reactivity tests, the fall in systolic blood pressure during the lying to standing test and change in diastolic blood pressure during the cold pressor test were significantly altered in OCD patients, indicating abnormal sympathetic reactivity. There was no significant correlation between autonomic parameters and the severity of OCD. Conclusion: OCD is characterized by a decreased parasympathetic tone and abnormal sympathetic reactivity compared to normal controls.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Hong Chen ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
Tung-Ping Su ◽  
Cheng-Ta Li ◽  
Wei-Chen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to be comorbid with stroke-related risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the temporal association between OCD and subsequent stroke risk is unclear. Methods: Using data collected between 2001 and 2010 by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, 28 064 adult patients with OCD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ ICD-9-CM ] code: 300.3) and 28 064 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched controls were included in this study. Patients who developed ischemic ( ICD-9-CM codes: 433, 434, and 435) and hemorrhagic ( ICD-9-CM codes: 430, 431, and 432) stroke during follow-up (from enrollment to end of 2011) were identified. Moreover, medications used for treating OCD were assessed. Results: Patients with OCD (hazard ratio [HR], 3.02 [95% CI, 1.91–4.77]), especially middle-aged (HR, 2.66 [95% CI, 1.34–5.29]) and elderly adults (HR, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.70–7.05]), had an elevated risk of developing ischemic stroke during the follow-up period compared with non-OCD controls. The cumulative HR of hemorrhagic stroke did not differ (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.42–1.80]) between the OCD and non-OCD groups. In patients with OCD, both short- (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 0.74–3.88]; HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.05–1.95]) and long-term use (HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.60–3.16]; HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.22–3.76]) of OCD medications were not correlated with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke compared with nonuse. Conclusions: Clinicians should closely monitor cerebrovascular disease and related risks in patients with OCD. The pathomechanism of OCD with an increased risk of ischemic stroke warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Comorbidities in Nepalese psychiatry out-patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
DR Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Past History ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Icd 10

   Introduction: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the most prevalent and debilitating mental illnesses. Associated physical and psychiatric comorbidities furthur complicate its outlook. The present study was conducted to sort out psychiatric and major physical comorbidities among Nepalese OCD patients presenting to a psychiatric out-patient service. Material And Method: We used the ‘ICD-10: Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders’ for diagnosis and the ‘Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale’ (YBOC) for rating OCD symptoms. Psychiatric comorbidity diagnoses were made as per the ICD-10 and physical diagnoses according to the departments from or to where subjects were referred. Results: Of total, 45 (60%) were male. The most commonly affected age groups were 20-29 (39%) and 30-39 (32%). More than half subjects presented after more than five years of illness. Thirteen percent subjects had suicidal intents. Nearly two third subjects had presented with the YBOC score of severe range. Forty percent subjects reported past history and 55% family history of significant illness. One fourth revealed substance use and assessment indicated premorbid cluster C traits/ problems among nearly 45%. Ninteen percent had physical and 63% comorbid psychiatric disorders. Mood, mainly depressive and other anxiety disorders were the most common ones. Conclusion: Many of Nepalese OCD patients present late to psychiatric service when they are severely affected and have other comorbidities. Depressive and other anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbidities.

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