A 2D video-analysis scoring system of 90° change of direction technique identifies football players with high knee abduction moment

Abstract Purpose Abnormal joint biomechanics and poor neuromuscular control are modifiable risk factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. Although 3D motion capture is the gold standard for the biomechanical evaluation of high-speed multidirectional movements, 2D video analysis is a growing-interest alternative because of its higher cost-effectiveness and interpretability. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible association between a 2D evaluation of a 90° change of direction (COD) and the KAM measured with gold standard 3D motion analysis. Methods Thirty-four competitive football (soccer) players (age 22.8 ± 4.1, 18 male and 16 females) were enrolled. Each athlete performed a series of pre-planned 90° COD at the maximum speed possible in a laboratory equipped with artificial turf. 3D motion analysis was recorded using 10 stereophotogrammetric cameras, a force platform, and three high-speed cameras. The 2D evaluation was performed through a scoring system based on the video analysis of frontal and sagittal plane joint kinematics. Five scoring criteria were adopted: limb stability (LS), pelvis stability (PS), trunk stability (TS), shock absorption (SA), and movement strategy (MS). For each criterion, a sub-score of 0/2 (non-adequate), 1/2 (partially adequate), or 2/2 (adequate) was attributed to the movement, based on objective measurements. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were calculated for each criterion and the total score. The Knee Abduction Moment (KAM) was extracted from the 3D motion analysis and grouped according to the results of the 2D evaluation. Results Excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.88) and good-to-excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.68–0.92) were found. Significantly higher KAM was found for athletes obtaining a 0/2 score compared to those obtaining a 2/2 score in all the sub-criteria and the total score (20–47% higher, p < 0.05). The total score and the LS score showed the best discriminative power between the three groups. Conclusion The 2D video-analysis scoring system here described was a simple and effective tool to discriminate athletes with high and low KAM in the assessment of a 90° COD and could be a potential method to identify athletes at high risk of non-contact ACL injury. Level of evidence IV.

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On the Motion Dimension Reduction by Laplacian Eigenmap

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.556 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52-54 ◽

pp. 556-561

Author(s):

Hao Jiang ◽

Jie Xu ◽

Zhuo Chen

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Dimension Reduction ◽

Motion Analysis ◽

Video Analysis ◽

Complex Data ◽

3D Motion ◽

Motion Data ◽

3D Motion Analysis ◽

Analysis Methods ◽

Independent Motion

Laplacian eigenmap is used for motion dimension reduction. Eight Kinds of artificially typical 2D motion data are made as input of Laplacian eigenmap, and meaningful conclusions are obtained, which can be easily extended to complex data analysis in real applications. Advanced motion analysis methods have also been discussed briefly, such as 3D motion analysis, view independent motion analysis, pose representation and estimation as well as structural video analysis.

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Agreement between 3D Motion Analysis and Tele-Assessment Using a Video Conferencing Application for Telerehabilitation

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9111591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1591

Author(s):

Kyeongjin Lee

Keyword(s):

Motion Analysis ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Video Conferencing ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

3D Motion ◽

3D Motion Analysis ◽

Analysis Of Stability ◽

Good Agreement

The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for remote healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity and reliability of tele-assessment using 3D motion analysis and video conferencing applications. The subjects of this study were 14 Pilates instructors and 14 healthy adults, who repeated five exercises of “side spine stretch,” “bridge,” “toe taps,” “quadruped leg raise,” and “cat and cow” five times each. We performed 3D kinematic analysis with 16 infrared cameras while the subject performed each exercise, and the image captured by one webcam was transmitted to the evaluators through a video conferencing application, and eight raters evaluated the mobility, stability, and symmetry of the movement. The result was then compared with the gold standard 3D motion analysis to evaluate the teleassessment system. The concurrent validity of the data obtained using both methods was analyzed. In addition, the inter-rater reliability of the data from the eight raters was evaluated. As a result, mobility showed excellent (ICC > 0.75, ICCs: intraclass correlation coefficients) or good agreement (ICC = 0.6−0.74) with 3D motion analysis and tele-assessment in all motions. The analysis of stability showed high agreement in general, but it was not significant in “cat and cow.” Symmetry showed moderate agreement only in “bridge” and “toe taps,” showing low agreement compared to other components. In addition, the inter-rater reliability of the tele-assessment showed good agreement (ICC = 0.744). Although there were few components with weaker agreements, the results of this study confirmed that it is a valid and reliable method of tele-assessment using video conferencing applications and showed feasibility as an alternative to the existing face-to-face examination.

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A 2D qualitative movement assessment of a deceleration task detects football players with high knee joint loading

Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy ◽

10.1007/s00167-021-06709-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Di Paolo ◽

Stefano Zaffagnini ◽

Filippo Tosarelli ◽

Fabrizio Aggio ◽

Laura Bragonzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Scoring System ◽

Acl Injury ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Joint Loading ◽

3D Motion ◽

Peak Knee ◽

Movement Assessment ◽

Knee Abduction ◽

Knee Joint Loading

Abstract Purpose The deceleration (pressing) is a common situational pattern leading to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in football. Although mainly assessed for performance purposes, a stronger focus on movement quality might support the screening of at-risk athletes. The aim of the present study was to describe a 2D scoring system for the assessment of the deceleration task and to associate it with the knee joint loading (knee abduction moment) evaluated through the gold standard 3D motion capture. The hypothesis was that lower 2D scores would be associated with higher knee joint loading. Methods Thirty-four competitive football (soccer) players (age 22.8 ± 4.1, 16 females) performed a series of deceleration tasks. 3D motion analysis was recorded using ten stereophotogrammetric cameras, a force platform, and three high-speed cameras. The 2D qualitative assessment was performed via a scoring system based on the video analysis of frontal and lateral planes joint kinematics for five scoring criteria. The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were calculated for each 2D scoring criteria. The peak knee abduction moment was extracted and grouped according to the results of the 2D evaluation. Results An ICC > 0.94 was found for all the 2D scoring criteria, both for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The players with low 2D frontal plane scores and low total scores (0–4) showed significantly higher peak knee abduction moment values (p < 0.001). A significant negative rank correlation was found between the total score and the peak knee abduction moment (ρ = − 0.25, p < 0.001). Conclusions The qualitative 2D scoring system described successfully discerned between athletes with high and low knee joint loading during a deceleration task. The application of this qualitative movement assessment based on a detailed and accurate scoring system is suitable to identify players and patients with high knee joint loading (high knee abduction moments) and target additional training in the scenario of the primary and secondary ACL injury risk reduction. Level of evidence Level IV.

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