scholarly journals Anaerobic 3-methylhopanoid production by an acidophilic photosynthetic purple bacterium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa H. Mayer ◽  
Mary N. Parenteau ◽  
Megan L. Kempher ◽  
Michael T. Madigan ◽  
Linda L. Jahnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Purple Bacterium ◽  
Warm Spring ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Lassen Volcanic National Park ◽  
Rhodopila Globiformis

AbstractBacterial lipids are well-preserved in ancient rocks and certain ones have been used as indicators of specific bacterial metabolisms or environmental conditions existing at the time of rock deposition. Here we show that an anaerobic bacterium produces 3-methylhopanoids, pentacyclic lipids previously detected only in aerobic bacteria and widely used as biomarkers for methane-oxidizing bacteria. Both Rhodopila globiformis, a phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium isolated from an acidic warm spring in Yellowstone, and a newly isolated Rhodopila species from a geochemically similar spring in Lassen Volcanic National Park (USA), synthesized 3-methylhopanoids and a suite of related hopanoids and contained the genes encoding the necessary biosynthetic enzymes. Our results show that 3-methylhopanoids can be produced under anoxic conditions and challenges the use of 3-methylhopanoids as biomarkers of oxic conditions in ancient rocks and as prima facie evidence that methanotrophic bacteria were active when the rocks were deposited.

scholarly journals Anaerobic 3-Methylhopanoid Production By An Acidophilic Phototrophic Purple Bacterium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Mayer ◽  
Mary N. Parenteau ◽  
Megan L. Kempher ◽  
Michael T. Madigan ◽  
Linda L. Jahnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Purple Bacterium ◽  
Warm Spring ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Lassen Volcanic National Park ◽  
Rhodopila Globiformis

Abstract Bacterial lipids are well preserved in ancient rocks and certain ones have been used as indicators of specific bacterial metabolisms or environmental conditions existing at the time of rock deposition. Here we show that an anaerobic bacterium produces 3-methylbacteriohopanepolyols (3-MeBHPs), pentacyclic lipids previously detected only in aerobic bacteria and widely used as biomarkers for methane-oxidizing bacteria. Both Rhodopila globiformis, a phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium isolated from an acidic warm spring in Yellowstone, and a newly isolated Rhodopila species from a geochemically similar spring in Lassen Volcanic National Park (USA), synthesized 3-MeBHPs and a suite of related BHPs and contained the genes encoding the necessary biosynthetic enzymes. Our results show that 3-MeBHPs can be produced under anoxic conditions and challenges the use of 3-MeBHPs as biomarkers of oxic conditions in ancient rocks and as prima facie evidence that methanotrophic bacteria were active when the rocks were deposited.

scholarly journals How old is "Cinder Cone"? - solving a mystery in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Fact Sheet ◽  
2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Clynne ◽  
Duane E. Champion ◽  
Deborah A. Trimble ◽  
James W. Hendley ◽  
Peter H. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Cinder Cone ◽  
Lassen Volcanic National Park

scholarly journals Clostridium manihotivorum sp. nov., a novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium that produces cassava pulp-degrading enzymes

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10343
Author(s):  
Pattsarun Cheawchanlertfa ◽  
Sawannee Sutheeworapong ◽  
Piroon Jenjaroenpun ◽  
Thidathip Wongsurawat ◽  
Intawat Nookaew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Background Cassava pulp is a promising starch-based biomasses, which consists of residual starch granules entrapped in plant cell wall containing non-starch polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose. Strain CT4T, a novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from soil collected from a cassava pulp landfill, has a strong ability to degrade polysaccharides in cassava pulp. This study explored a rarely described species within the genus Clostridium that possessed a group of cassava pulp-degrading enzymes. Methods A novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium, the strain CT4T, was identified based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis. The complete genome of the strain CT4T was obtained following whole-genome sequencing, assembly and annotation using both Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) platforms. Results Analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CT4T is a species of genus Clostridium. Analysis of the whole-genome average amino acid identity (AAI) of strain CT4T and the other 665 closely related species of the genus Clostridium revealed a separated strain CT4T from the others. The results revealed that the genome consisted of a 6.3 Mb circular chromosome with 5,664 protein-coding sequences. Genome analysis result of strain CT4T revealed that it contained a set of genes encoding amylolytic-, hemicellulolytic-, cellulolytic- and pectinolytic enzymes. A comparative genomic analysis of strain CT4T with closely related species with available genomic information, C. amylolyticum SW408T, showed that strain CT4T contained more genes encoding cassava pulp-degrading enzymes, which comprised a complex mixture of amylolytic-, hemicellulolytic-, cellulolytic- and pectinolytic enzymes. This work presents the potential for saccharification of strain CT4T in the utilization of cassava pulp. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, we propose a novel species for which the name Clostridium manihotivorum sp. nov. is suggested, with the type strain CT4T (= TBRC 11758T = NBRC 114534T).

scholarly journals Contrasting prescription burning and wildfires in California Sierra Nevada national parks and adjacent national forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jon E. Keeley ◽  
Anne Pfaff ◽  
Anthony C. Caprio
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Park Service ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lassen Volcanic National Park

History of prescription burning and wildfires in the three Sierra Nevada National Park Service (NPS) parks and adjacent US Forest Service (USFS) forests is presented. Annual prescription (Rx) burns began in 1968 in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, followed by Yosemite National Park and Lassen Volcanic National Park. During the last third of the 20th century, USFS national forests adjacent to these parks did limited Rx burns, accounting for very little area burned. However, in 2004, an aggressive annual burn program was initiated in these national forests and in the last decade, area burned by planned prescription burns, relative to area protected, was approximately comparable between these NPS and USFS lands. In 1968, the NPS prescription burning program was unique because it coupled planned Rx burns with managing many lightning-ignited fires for resource benefit. From 1968 to 2017, these natural fires managed for resource benefit averaged the same total area burned as planned Rx burns in the three national parks; thus, they have had a substantial impact on total area burned by prescription. In contrast, on USFS lands, most lightning-ignited fires have been managed for suppression, but increasing attention is being paid to managing wildfires for resource benefit.

scholarly journals Lack of a surface layer in Tannerella forsythia mutants deficient in the type IX secretion system

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Narita ◽  
Keiko Sato ◽  
Hideharu Yukitake ◽  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Daisuke Nakane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Type Ix Secretion System ◽  
Encoding Genes

Tannerella forsythia, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is an important pathogen in periodontal disease. This bacterium possesses genes encoding all known components of the type IX secretion system (T9SS). T. forsythia mutants deficient in genes orthologous to the T9SS-encoding genes porK, porT and sov were constructed. All porK, porT and sov single mutants lacked the surface layer (S-layer) and expressed less-glycosylated versions of the S-layer glycoproteins TfsA and TfsB. In addition, these mutants exhibited decreased haemagglutination and increased biofilm formation. Comparison of the proteins secreted by the porK and WT strains revealed that the secretion of several proteins containing C-terminal domain (CTD)-like sequences is dependent on the porK gene. These results indicate that the T9SS is functional in T. forsythia and contributes to the translocation of CTD proteins to the cell surface or into the extracellular milieu.

scholarly journals Cultivation and Genomic, Nutritional, and Lipid Biomarker Characterization of Roseiflexus Strains Closely Related to Predominant In Situ Populations Inhabiting Yellowstone Hot Spring Microbial Mats

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (12) ◽  
pp. 3033-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel T. J. van der Meer ◽  
Christian G. Klatt ◽  
Jason Wood ◽  
Donald A. Bryant ◽  
Mary M. Bateson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Anoxygenic Phototrophs ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Roseiflexus sp. strains were cultivated from a microbial mat of an alkaline siliceous hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. These strains are closely related to predominant filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs found in the mat, as judged by the similarity of small-subunit rRNA, lipid distributions, and genomic and metagenomic sequences. Like a Japanese isolate, R. castenholzii, the Yellowstone isolates contain bacteriochlorophyll a, but not bacteriochlorophyll c or chlorosomes, and grow photoheterotrophically or chemoheterotrophically under dark aerobic conditions. The genome of one isolate, Roseiflexus sp. strain RS1, contains genes necessary to support these metabolisms. This genome also contains genes encoding the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway for CO2 fixation and a hydrogenase, which might enable photoautotrophic metabolism, even though neither isolate could be grown photoautotrophically with H2 or H2S as a possible electron donor. The isolates exhibit temperature, pH, and sulfide preferences typical of their habitat. Lipids produced by these isolates matched much better with mat lipids than do lipids produced by R. castenholzii or Chloroflexus isolates.

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