scholarly journals Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation effects on nicotine & cotinine plasma levels and somatic withdrawal signs in adult male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montanari ◽  
Leslie K. Kelley ◽  
Tony M. Kerr ◽  
Maury Cole ◽  
Nicholas W. Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Withdrawal Signs

scholarly journals Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation effects on nicotine & cotinine plasma levels and somatic withdrawal signs in adult male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montanari ◽  
Leslie K Kelley ◽  
Tony M Kerr ◽  
Maury Cole ◽  
Nicholas W. Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Test Concentration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Withdrawal Signs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractRationaleNon-contingent chronic nicotine exposure procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years, culminating in Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) to deliver vaporized drugs to rodents in standard housing chambers.ObjectivesThe aim of the current work was to use ENDS to test concentration-dependent effects of nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation on blood-nicotine concentrations, blood-cotinine concentrations, and somatic withdrawal signs over time in rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were exposed to vapor containing various concentrations of nicotine (20, 40, 80 mg/mL) for 11 days through ENDS, and blood concentrations of nicotine and cotinine, the major proximate metabolite of nicotine, as well as spontaneous and precipitated somatic withdrawal signs were measured over time (across days of exposure and over hours after termination of vapor exposure).ResultsExposing male Wistar rats to non-contingent nicotine vapor inhalation through ENDS produces somatic withdrawal symptoms and measurable blood-nicotine and blood-cotinine levels that change according to 1) concentration of nicotine in vape solution, 2) number of days of nicotine vapor exposure, 3) time since termination of nicotine vapor exposure, and 4) relative to the withdrawal signs, whether withdrawal was spontaneous or precipitated (by mecamylamine).ConclusionsThe data presented here provide parameters that can be used as a reasonable starting point for future work that employs ENDS to deliver non-contingent nicotine vapor in rats, although many parameters can and should be altered to match the specific goals of future work.

scholarly journals Anti‐Fertility Effects of Amlodipine in Adult Male Wistar Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaja Abdulazeez Akinlolu ◽  
Olaide Ghazali ◽  
Adebayo Kehinde Adefule
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 075-081
Author(s):  
A. Akinlolu ◽  
O. Akinola ◽  
P. Khobe ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

scholarly journals Avoidance memory requires CaMKII activity to persist after recall

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Radiske ◽  
Maria Carolina Gonzalez ◽  
Janine I. Rossato ◽  
Gênedy Apolinário ◽  
João R. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Memory Reconsolidation ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Avoidance Memory ◽  
Avoidance Responses

AbstractAvoidance memory is destabilized when recalled concurrently with conflicting information, and must undergo a hippocampus-dependent restabilization process called reconsolidation to persist. CaMKII is a serine/threonine protein kinase essential for memory processing; however, its possible involvement in avoidance memory reconsolidation has not yet been studied. Using pharmacological, electrophysiological and optogenetic tools, we found that in adult male Wistar rats hippocampal CaMKII is necessary to reconsolidate avoidance memory, but not to keep it stored while inactive, and that blocking reconsolidation via CaMKII inhibition erases learned avoidance responses.

Chronic consumption of Hypericum humifusum leaf extracts impairs epididymis spermatozoa characters in association with oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Hammami ◽  
Ridha Ben Ali ◽  
Afef Nahdi ◽  
Olfa Kallech-Ziri ◽  
Marwa Boussada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats
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