In situ detection of aromatic compounds with biosensor Pseudomonas putida cells preserved and delivered to soil in water-soluble gelatin capsules

The synthesis of poly(p-xylylene)s (PPXs) with sidechains containing alkyl bromide functionality, and their post-polymer modification, is described. The PPXs were prepared by a diimide hydrogenation of poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) that were originally synthesized by a Gilch polymerization. The polymer backbone reduction was carried out with hydrazine hydrate in toluene at 80 °C to provide polymers with the sidechain-containing bromide functionality intact. To demonstrate post-polymer modification of the sidechains, the resulting PPX polymers were modified with trimethylamine to form tetraalkylammonium ion functionality and were evaluated as anion conducting membranes. While PPX homopolymers containing tetralkylammonium ions were completely water soluble and not able to form valuable films, PPX copolymers containing mixed tetraalkylammonium ions and hydrophobic chains were capable of film formation and alkaline stability. In addition, an in situ crosslinking process that used N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine during the tetraalkylammonium formation of brominated PPX polymers was also evaluated and gave reasonable films with conductivities of ~10 mS-cm-1.

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Functional Poly(p-Xylylene)s via Chemical Reduction of Poly(p-Phenylene Vinylene)s

10.26434/chemrxiv.9868196 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ain Uddin ◽

Weifan Sang ◽

Yong Gao ◽

Kyle Plunkett

Keyword(s):

Film Formation ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Phenylene Vinylene ◽

Polymer Modification ◽

Polymer Backbone ◽

Crosslinking Process ◽

Conducting Membranes ◽

In Situ Crosslinking

The synthesis of poly(p-xylylene)s (PPXs) with sidechains containing alkyl bromide functionality, and their post-polymer modification, is described. The PPXs were prepared by a diimide hydrogenation of poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) that were originally synthesized by a Gilch polymerization. The polymer backbone reduction was carried out with hydrazine hydrate in toluene at 80 °C to provide polymers with the sidechain-containing bromide functionality intact. To demonstrate post-polymer modification of the sidechains, the resulting PPX polymers were modified with trimethylamine to form tetraalkylammonium ion functionality and were evaluated as anion conducting membranes. While PPX homopolymers containing tetralkylammonium ions were completely water soluble and not able to form valuable films, PPX copolymers containing mixed tetraalkylammonium ions and hydrophobic chains were capable of film formation and alkaline stability. In addition, an in situ crosslinking process that used N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine during the tetraalkylammonium formation of brominated PPX polymers was also evaluated and gave reasonable films with conductivities of ~10 mS-cm-1.

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Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0459 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (4-5) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Noda ◽

H. Ikuta ◽

Y. Ebie ◽

A. Hirata ◽

S. Tsuneda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Nitrifying Bacteria ◽

Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽

Antibody Technique ◽

Antibody Method ◽

In Situ Detection ◽

Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

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Single Step In Situ Detection of Surface Protein and MicroRNA in Clustered Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 319

Author(s):

Hee Cheol Yang ◽

Won Jong Rhee

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Molecular Beacon ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Single Step ◽

Flow Cytometer ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Biomarker Detection ◽

In Situ Detection

Because cancers are heterogeneous, it is evident that multiplexed detection is required to achieve disease diagnosis with high accuracy and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been a subject of great interest as sources of novel biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. However, EVs are nano-sized particles that are difficult to handle; thus, it is necessary to develop a method that enables efficient and straightforward EV biomarker detection. In the present study, we developed a method for single step in situ detection of EV surface proteins and inner miRNAs simultaneously using a flow cytometer. CD63 antibody and molecular beacon-21 were investigated for multiplexed biomarker detection in normal and cancer EVs. A phospholipid-polymer-phospholipid conjugate was introduced to induce clustering of the EVs analyzed using nanoparticle tracking analysis, which enhanced the detection signals. As a result, the method could detect and distinguish cancer cell-derived EVs using a flow cytometer. Thus, single step in situ detection of multiple EV biomarkers using a flow cytometer can be applied as a simple, labor- and time-saving, non-invasive liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer.

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In Situ Detection of Local Structure Transformation of 2D SnSe Nanosheets through Nanothermomechanical Behavior

physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters ◽

10.1002/pssr.202100121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100121

Author(s):

Zhibin Liu ◽

Kunqi Xu ◽

Huarong Zeng ◽

Zhifu Liu ◽

Kunyu Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Structure ◽

Structure Transformation ◽

In Situ Detection

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Regioselective Functionalization of N-Fused Heteroaromatics via FeCl3-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition to Activated N-Heterocycles

Synthesis ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1705985 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ikyon Kim ◽

Sung June Kim ◽

Sunhee Lee

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Nucleophilic Addition ◽

Chemical Space ◽

Wide Range ◽

Regioselective Functionalization

AbstractBroadening of nitrogen-fused heteroaromatic chemical space such as indolizine and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine was achieved via FeCl3-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of these N-fused aromatic compounds to a wide range of azolinium systems generated in situ, leading to novel N-fused heteroaromatic scaffolds with dearomatized N-heterocyclic substituents regioselectively. Nucleophilic addition of indolizines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines mainly occurred at the C1 position of the isoquinoliniums and at the C4 site of the quinoliniums.

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A thin, deformable, high-performance supercapacitor implant that can be biodegraded and bioabsorbed within an animal body

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abe3097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. eabe3097

Author(s):

Hongwei Sheng ◽

Jingjing Zhou ◽

Bo Li ◽

Yuhang He ◽

Xuetao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

Form Factors ◽

Time Frame ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Medical Electronics ◽

Thin Structure ◽

Shed Light

It has been an outstanding challenge to achieve implantable energy modules that are mechanically soft (compatible with soft organs and tissues), have compact form factors, and are biodegradable (present for a desired time frame to power biodegradable, implantable medical electronics). Here, we present a fully biodegradable and bioabsorbable high-performance supercapacitor implant, which is lightweight and has a thin structure, mechanical flexibility, tunable degradation duration, and biocompatibility. The supercapacitor with a high areal capacitance (112.5 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and energy density (15.64 μWh cm−2) uses two-dimensional, amorphous molybdenum oxide (MoOx) flakes as electrodes, which are grown in situ on water-soluble Mo foil using a green electrochemical strategy. Biodegradation behaviors and biocompatibility of the associated materials and the supercapacitor implant are systematically studied. Demonstrations of a supercapacitor implant that powers several electronic devices and that is completely degraded after implantation and absorbed in rat body shed light on its potential uses.

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