Digenean trematodes infecting the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina have species-specific cercarial emergence patterns that follow daily or semilunar spawning cycles

2005 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth K. O‘Brien ◽  
Tom Cribb ◽  
Bernard M. Degnan
Keyword(s):  
Haliotis Asinina ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

Cercarial emergence of Proterometra macrostoma and P. edneyi (Digenea: Azygiidae): contrasting responses to light: dark cycling

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Lewis ◽  
I. G. Welsford ◽  
G. L. Uglem
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Fish Hosts ◽  
Cercarial Emergence ◽  
Constant Dark

SummaryProterometra macrostoma and P. edneyi infect the same snail host, Goniobasis semicarinata, but different fish hosts in their life-cycles. Cercariae of P. macrostoma complete development in sunfish, those of P. edneyi in darters; fish become infected when they ingest free-swimming cercariae as ‘prey’. Laboratory and field experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that light: dark (L: D) cycling regulates emergence of both species. Under L: D cycling conditions, P. macrostoma emerged in the dark and P. edneyi in the light. These emergence patterns resulted from differential sensitivity to light and dark. In the laboratory and field, reversing the light and dark periods resulted in corresponding alterations in emergence patterns of both species. Both species emerged in constant light and constant dark, but their emergence patterns were altered. Emergence patterns may represent adaptations that make the cercariae more susceptible to ‘predation’ by their respective fish hosts.

The effects of host size and temperature on the emergence ofEchinoparyphium recurvatumcercariae fromLymnaea peregraunder natural light conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Morley ◽  
M.E. Adam ◽  
J.W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Sunlight Irradiation ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

AbstractThe production of cercariae from their snail host is a fundamental component of transmission success in trematodes. The emergence ofEchinoparyphium recurvatum(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) cercariae fromLymnaea peregrawas studied under natural sunlight conditions, using naturally infected snails of different sizes (10–17 mm) within a temperature range of 10–29°C. There was a single photoperiodic circadian cycle of emergence with one peak, which correlated with the maximum diffuse sunlight irradiation. At 21°C the daily number of emerging cercariae increased with increasing host snail size, but variations in cercarial emergence did occur between both individual snails and different days. There was only limited evidence of cyclic emergence patterns over a 3-week period, probably due to extensive snail mortality, particularly those in the larger size classes. Very few cercariae emerged in all snail size classes at the lowest temperature studied (10°C), but at increasingly higher temperatures elevated numbers of cercariae emerged, reaching an optimum between 17 and 25°C. Above this range emergence was reduced. At all temperatures more cercariae emerged from larger snails. Analysis of emergence using theQ10value, a measure of physiological processes over temperature ranges, showed that between 10 and 21°C ( ≈ 15°C)Q10values exceeded 100 for all snail size classes, indicating a substantially greater emergence than would be expected for normal physiological rates. From 14 to 25°C ( ≈ 20°C) cercarial emergence in most snail size classes showed little change inQ10, although in the smallest size class emergence was still substantially greater than the typicalQ10increase expected over this temperature range. At the highest range of 21–29°C ( ≈ 25°C),Q10was much reduced. The importance of these results for cercarial emergence under global climate change is discussed.

Seasonality and interspecific and intraspecific asynchrony in emergence from the nest by hatchling freshwater turtles

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Baker ◽  
J.P. Costanzo ◽  
J.B. Iverson ◽  
R.E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Natal Nest ◽  
Painted Turtles ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Map Turtles ◽  
Graptemys Geographica ◽  
Species Specific

Timing of emergence from the natal nest is a variable trait in the life history of turtles. In theory, hatchling turtles that emerge synchronously, within and among nests, should gain a survival advantage over hatchlings that emerge independently. We examined emergence patterns for seven species of freshwater turtles that use a common nesting area in northern Indiana, USA. Hatchlings of four species emerged from the nest exclusively in late summer or early fall. However, hatchlings of three species usually overwintered in the nest chamber and emerged the following spring. Interspecific and intraspecific emergence from the nest was more synchronous in fall than in spring. Mean date of fall emergence from the nest did not vary among species; however, a species-specific pattern of emergence was observed in spring. Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata Agassiz, 1857) emerged in late March and early April and, on average, these hatchlings left their nests 2 weeks earlier than Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur, 1817)) and 4 weeks earlier than Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Neuwied, 1839)). Although hatchlings of C. p. marginata are smaller than those of G. geographica and T. s. elegans, presumably they gain a survival or growth advantage by emerging earlier.

Photoperiodic cercarial emergence patterns of the digeneans Echinoparyphium recurvatum and Plagiorchis sp. from a mixed infection in Lymnaea peregra

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Photoperiodic Regime ◽  
Lymnaea Peregra ◽  
First Intermediate Host ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

Photoperiodic emergence patterns of the cercariae of two digeneans, Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Echinostomatidae) and Plagiorchissp. (Plagiorchiidae), were studied experimentally using a photoperiodic regime of 12 h light: 12 h dark at a constant 18°C. In single species infections of the first intermediate host snail Lymnaea peregra, the cercariae of E. recurvatum emerged exclusively during the light phase and those of Plagiorchis sp. emerged exclusively during the dark phase. In double infections, each species retained its own discrete photoperiodic emergence pattern. This result demonstrates the absence of interference between the mechanisms responsible for the photoperiodic emergence pattern of each species. A degree of interference between the two parasites in double infections of L. peregra was evident. The presence of E. recurvatum significantly reduced the number of Plagiorchis sp. cercariae emerging in a 24 h period and also delayed the mean peak emergence time of Plagiorchissp. cercariae by 2 h. This result is consistent with the well documented antagonistic effect that the redial stages of echinostomes are known to have against the sporocysts of other digeneans within the same host mollusc.

Cercarial emergence patterns for Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato infecting Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos from Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 3313-3321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonglak Laoprom ◽  
Nadda Kiatsopit ◽  
Paiboon Sithithaworn ◽  
Kulthida Kopolrat ◽  
Jutamas Namsanor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Cercarial Emergence ◽  
Bithynia Siamensis Goniomphalos

Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Linda Sicko-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

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