Accidental associates are not symbionts: the absence of a non-parasitic endosymbiotic community inside the common periwinkle Littorina littorea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Carlton ◽  
April M. H. Blakeslee ◽  
Amy E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
The Common

Etching of the Test Surface of Benthonic Foraminifers due to Ingestion by the Gastropod Littorina littorea Linné

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Partial Dissolution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Investigations by scanning electron microscopy have revealed that ingestion of Rosalina floridana (Cushman) and Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linné) (Foraminiferida) by the common periwinkle Littorina littorea Linné results in severe etching of the surface veneer in the rotalids studied, and removal of the surface veneer and partial dissolution of the underlying tabular layer of calcite in the miliolids examined. The acidic nature of the digestive juices is suggested as the agent responsible for this phenomenon. Observations of test wall construction is compared to current models of calcite secretion.

The living community inside the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Buckland-Nicks ◽  
Sarah Ann Chisholm ◽  
Glenys Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
The Common ◽  
Trematode Infections

An extensive community of organisms inhabits the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea (L., 1758), along the wave-swept rocky shores of Canada’s East coast. This community, which includes both facultative and obligate endosymbionts, comprises a diverse array of species from seven animal phyla, including Annelida, Arthropoda, Gnathostomulida, Nematoda, Nemertea, and Platyhelminthes, as well as ciliates and algae. The presence of larger numbers of endosymbionts was found to correlate with specific shell characteristics of the snail host, including a wider aperture and columella, suggesting that these individuals have a larger mantle cavity relative to snails housing a small community of endosymbionts. Snails with large communities of endosymbionts were usually encrusted with coralline algae and often had trematode infections. Although L. littorea has been extensively studied since the last century, the existence of this community of organisms has passed unnoticed. The large diversity of organisms in this community suggests that these snails may provide refugia for a wide range of smaller taxa.

A Contribution to the Life History of Echinostomum secundum, Nicoll

Parasitology ◽  
1908 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Young Worm ◽  
Marine Laboratory

In some notes on the Trematodes of Northumbria published in 1905 a few remarks were made on a larval Trematode inhabiting the liver of the common periwinkle Littorina littorea. The liver in two per cent. of the periwinkles from Budle Bay was full of rediæ containing cercariæ more or less developed, the latter agreeing in every way with an encysted Echinostomum larva which inhabits mussels, cockles and other bivalve mollusks in the same locality. So close was the resemblance that I had no hesitation in declaring them to be the same worm in different stages, but hoped for an opportunity of demonstrating this by experiment. In October 1908 through the courtesy of Professor Meek I had the opportunity of conducting some feeding experiments in the Dove Marine Laboratory, Cullercoats, which have given satisfactory results, and although it is not possible to state absolutely that the forms are identical yet the evidence is so strong that I think I am justified in regarding the young worm in the periwinkle as an earlier larval form of the encysted worm in the foot of the mussel and cockle.

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