Assessing the Toxicity of Chemical Compounds Associated With Land-Based Marine Fish Farms: The Sea Urchin Embryo Bioassay With Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carballeira ◽  
M. R. De Orte ◽  
I. G. Viana ◽  
T. A. DelValls ◽  
A. Carballeira
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Arbacia Lixula

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE POTASSIUM CONTENT OF SEA URCHIN EGGS ON FERTILIZATION

1951 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Monroy Oddo ◽  
Maria Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Minimum Point ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Arbacia Lixula

In the eggs of Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus an uptake of K occurs during the first 10 minutes following fertilization. Between 10 and 40 minutes K is then released. Both in Arbacia and in Paracentrotus the minimum point of the curve coincides with the nuclear streak stage. A maximum loss of 25 per cent in Arbacia and 20 per cent in Paracentrotus with respect to the amount present in the unfertilized eggs has been found. From 40 minutes up to 1 hour K undergoes a further increase and when the first cleavage sets in the same amount of K is present as in the unfertilized eggs. By treating the eggs with K-free artificial sea water it has been established that about 60 per cent of the K content of the eggs is in a non-diffusible condition. Also under such conditions the eggs when fertilized are able to take up even the very small amount of K present in the medium that was released by them prior to fertilization.

scholarly journals Contrasting recruitment seasonality of sea urchin species in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GARCIA-SANZ ◽  
P. G. NAVARRO ◽  
F. TUYA
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Gran Canaria ◽  
Arbacia Lixula

Despite sea-urchins can play an important role affecting the community structure of subtidal bottoms, factors controlling the dynamics of sea-urchin populations are still poorly understood. We assessed the seasonal variation in recruitment of three sea-urchin species (Diadema africanum, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) at Gran Canaria Island (eastern Atlantic) via monthly deployment of artificial collectors throughout an entire annual cycle on each of four adjacent habitat patches (seagrasses, sandy patches, ‘urchin-grazed’ barrens and macroalgal-dominated beds) within a shallow coastal landscape. Paracentrotus lividus and A. lixula had exclusively one main recruitment peak in late winter-spring. Diadema africanum recruitment was also seasonal, but recruits appeared in late summer-autumn, particularly on ‘urchin-grazed’ barrens with large abundances of adult conspecifics. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated non-overlapping seasonal recruitment patterns of the less abundant species (P. lividus and A. lixula) with the most conspicuous species (D. africanum) in the study area.

Cell junctions during the early development of the sea urchin embryo (Paracentrotus lividus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Andreuccetti ◽  
M.R. Barone Lumaga ◽  
G. Cafiero ◽  
S. Filosa ◽  
E. Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo

scholarly journals Early asymmetric cues triggering the dorsal/ventral gene regulatory network of the sea urchin embryo

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Cavalieri ◽  
Giovanni Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Mapk Activity ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Dorsal Cells

Dorsal/ventral (DV) patterning of the sea urchin embryo relies on a ventrally-localized organizer expressing Nodal, a pivotal regulator of the DV gene regulatory network. However, the inceptive mechanisms imposing the symmetry-breaking are incompletely understood. In Paracentrotus lividus, the Hbox12 homeodomain-containing repressor is expressed by prospective dorsal cells, spatially facing and preceding the onset of nodal transcription. We report that Hbox12 misexpression provokes DV abnormalities, attenuating nodal and nodal-dependent transcription. Reciprocally, impairing hbox12 function disrupts DV polarity by allowing ectopic expression of nodal. Clonal loss-of-function, inflicted by blastomere transplantation or gene-transfer assays, highlights that DV polarization requires Hbox12 action in dorsal cells. Remarkably, the localized knock-down of nodal restores DV polarity of embryos lacking hbox12 function. Finally, we show that hbox12 is a dorsal-specific negative modulator of the p38-MAPK activity, which is required for nodal expression. Altogether, our results suggest that Hbox12 function is essential for proper positioning of the DV organizer.

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