Microbial Assemblages in Soil Microbial Succession After Glacial Retreat in Svalbard (High Arctic)

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Kaštovská ◽  
Josef Elster ◽  
Marek Stibal ◽  
Hana Šantrůčková
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
Glacial Retreat ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Soil microbial succession along a chronosequence on a High Arctic glacier foreland, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard: 10 years’ change

Polar Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinpei Yoshitake ◽  
Masaki Uchida ◽  
Yasuo Iimura ◽  
Toshiyuki Ohtsuka ◽  
Takayuki Nakatsubo
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Glacier Foreland ◽  
Arctic Glacier

scholarly journals Soil microbial biomass, activity and community composition along altitudinal gradients in the High Arctic (Billefjorden, Svalbard)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kotas ◽  
Hana Šantrůčková ◽  
Josef Elster ◽  
Eva Kaštovská
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Tundra Ecosystem

Abstract. The unique and fragile High Arctic ecosystems are vulnerable to global climate warming. The elucidation of factors driving microbial distribution and activity in arctic soils is essential for a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning and its response to environmental change. The goals of this study were to investigate microbial biomass and activity, microbial community structure (MCS), and their environmental controls in soils along three elevational transects in the coastal mountains of Billefjorden, central Svalbard. Soils from four different altitudes (25, 275, 525 and 765 m above sea level) were analyzed for a suite of characteristics including temperature regimes, organic matter content, base cation availability, moisture, pH, potential respiration, and microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). We observed significant spatial heterogeneity of edaphic properties among transects, resulting in transect-specific effects of altitude on most soil parameters. We did not observe any clear elevation pattern in microbial biomass, and microbial activity revealed contrasting elevational patterns between transects. We found relatively large horizontal variability in MCS (i.e., between sites of corresponding elevation in different transects), mainly due to differences in the composition of bacterial PLFAs, but also a systematic altitudinal shift in MCS related to different habitat preferences of fungi and bacteria, which resulted in high fungi-to-bacteria ratios at the most elevated sites. The biological soil crusts on these most elevated, unvegetated sites can host microbial assemblages of a size and activity comparable to those of the arctic tundra ecosystem. The key environmental factors determining horizontal and vertical changes in soil microbial properties were soil pH, organic carbon content, soil moisture and Mg2+ availability.

The Influences of Produced Water Irrigation on Soil microbial succession and Turfgrass Grass Establishment in Qatar

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh ◽  
Sameera S. Shaikh ◽  
Fatima Al Naemi ◽  
Mohammad Alghouti ◽  
Talaat Ahmed Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Grass Establishment

scholarly journals Soil microbial succession following surface mining is governed primarily by deterministic factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Kane ◽  
Ember M Morrissey ◽  
Jeffrey G Skousen ◽  
Zachary B Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Deterministic Processes

ABSTRACT Understanding the successional dynamics governing soil microbial community assembly following disturbance can aid in developing remediation strategies for disturbed land. However, the influences shaping microbial communities during succession following soil disturbance remain only partially understood. One example of a severe disturbance to soil is surface mining for natural resources, which displaces communities and changes the physical and chemical soil environment. These changes may alter community composition through selective pressure on microbial taxa (i.e. deterministic processes). Dispersal and ecological drift may also shape communities following disturbance (i.e. stochastic processes). Here, the relative influence of stochastic and deterministic processes on microbial community succession was investigated using a chronosequence of reclaimed surface mines ranging from 2–32 years post-reclamation. Sequencing of bacterial and fungal ribosomal gene amplicons coupled with a linear modeling approach revealed that following mine reclamation, while bacterial communities are modestly influenced by stochastic factors, the influence of deterministic factors was ∼7 × greater. Fungal communities were influenced only by deterministic factors. Soil organic matter, texture, and pH emerged as the most influential environmental factors on both bacterial and fungal communities. Our results suggest that management of deterministic soil characteristics over a sufficient time period could increase the microbial diversity and productivity of mine soils.

scholarly journals   Effect of legume-cereal mixtures on the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Qiao ◽  
Z.H. Li ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
B. Zhu ◽  
Y.G. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Belowground Diversity

Aboveground plant diversity is known to influence belowground diversity and ecosystem processes. However, there is little knowledge of soil microbial succession in legume-grass mixtures. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of oat and common vetch binary mixtures at three seeding rates on soil bacterial communities. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA fragments was used to profile the structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere. Compared with a monoculture of common vetch and oat, the Shannon-Weaver index and species richness of the mixtures were increased. Thirteen cloned monocultures and mixtures of oat and common vetch soil 16S rDNA sequences were deposited to NCBI. Based on the sequencing results, the bands could be identified as related to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria. Common vetch did not have some bacteria relatives to Sphingomonas spp. Some bacterial taxa could be detected in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2, but not in the ratio of 1:3, e.g. Myxococcales. The results suggested that the belowground diversity could be promoted by mixed cropping systems.  

scholarly journals Examination of Soil Microbial Communities After Permafrost Thaw Subsequent to an Active Layer Detachment in the High Arctic

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara N. Inglese ◽  
Casper T. Christiansen ◽  
Daniel Lamhonwah ◽  
Kristy Moniz ◽  
Scott N. Montross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Permafrost Thaw

scholarly journals Soil microbial biomass, activity and community composition along altitudinal gradients in the High Arctic (Billefjorden, Svalbard)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kotas ◽  
Hana Šantrůčková ◽  
Josef Elster ◽  
Eva Kaštovská
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Biomass Activity

Abstract. The unique and fragile High Arctic ecosystems are vulnerable to proceeding global climate warming. Elucidation of factors driving microbial distribution and activity in Arctic soils is essential for comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem functioning and its response to environmental change. The goals of this study were to investigate the microbial biomass, activity, microbial community structure (MCS) and its abiotic controls in soils along three elevational gradients in coastal mountains of Billefjorden, Central Svalbard. Soils from four different altitudes (25, 275, 525, and 765 m above sea level) were analysed for a suite of characteristics including temperature regimes, organic matter content, base cation availability, moisture, pH, basal respiration, and microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). We observed significant altitudinal zonation of most edaphic characteristics reflected by soil microbial properties. The microbial biomass and activity normalized per unit of organic carbon significantly increased with elevation. The two dominant microbial groups, fungi and bacteria, had different habitat preferences, resulting in high fungi to bacteria (F / B) ratios at the most elevated sites. The changes in MCS were mainly governed by the bedrock chemistry, soil pH, organic carbon content and soil moisture. While the direct impact of summer soil temperature regimes on soil microbes was likely negligible, it´s influence on plant distribution along the gradients have strong implications for edaphic conditions and consequently also for soil microbes. Our results highlight the need to consider unvegetated high elevation areas as hotspots of microbial activity and important habitats within the High Arctic ecosystem.

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