Regeneration of the Disturbed Lands: Identified Trends

The generalized and analyzed experience of reclamation in various federal areas of our country has been presented, as well as this in the Urals Federal District with the lowest percentage of disturbed land regeneration. There has been identified a gradual increase of reclaimed lands, the interconnection of the biggest percentage of reclaimed and disturbed lands in the Urals, Siberian, Far Eastern and Volga Federal Districts, the ratio of disturbed and reclaimed lands by categories with details of reclamations. The information has been analyzed for a long period of time – 1995–2018 to possibly consider the identified trends as reliable. Taking them into account while making management decisions to increase the efficiency of reclamation.

Abundance and potency of Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Padang Sapu-sapu, Pejem Village, Bangka

Padang sapu-sapu soil is similar with post-tin mining soil in its white sand texture and poor nutrient. One factor causes the disturbed land in Bangka Belitung islands is tin mining activity. One method to rehabilitate marginal soil is by utilizing the potential nonsymbiotic N2-fixing bacteria, which are able to fertilize the soil and is able to provide macro nutrient. This study aims to measure the abundance and potency of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria in padang sapu-sapu, Pejem Village, Bangka. The site selection is determined by purposive sampling method and interviews and the samples were collected randomly. Isolation used selective media Ashby'`s Monitol Agar and Azospirillum media. Morphological characterization was conducted on isolates and a series selective test was carried out, i.e. hipersentivity test, hemolysis test, IAA phytohormone test and nitrogenase test. The study of the abundance population of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria of two different locations showed that the total bacterial population in padang sapusapu is very small compared to its lowland forest. Isolate Azotobacter sp. TH105(a) from the lowland forests is potential as natural fertilizer.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SUITABILITY OF URBAN WASTEWATER SLUDGE FOR VARIOUS USES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BREST REGION)

The article considers the results of studies of the composition and properties of urban wastewater sludge (UWWS) of treatment facilities in 9 different cities of Brest region in three groups of indicators: agrochemical, microbiological, and heavy metal content. A comparison of the data obtained for UWWS with similar indicators for local soils, literature data on the properties of UWWS, comparison with the regulatory requirements for UWWS in the Russian Federation, the EU, the USA, etc. is presented. Shown that with the high fertilizing potential of UWWS in cities of Brest region, due to high content of organic and nutrient substances (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), the use of UWWS in agriculture is limited by its microbiological contamination and high concentrations of heavy metals (zinc, copper, nickel, chromium), exceeding maximum permissible concentrations established by the requirements for UWWS in the Russian Federation and other countries. Based on the results obtained and the review given in the article about the ways of handling UWWS in different countries of the world, an assessment of the suitability of UWWS in cities of Brest region and Belarus as a whole for various types of use is given. With insufficient development of regulatory and legal regulation in the field of the management of UWWS, the most acceptable methods for the conditions of Belarus for the management of UWWS in the medium term are their use for the reclamation of disturbed land, as an insulating layer in landfills of solid municipal waste, in urban and forestry (in floriculture, in parks, squares, nurseries, etc.), and also anaerobic digestion with the production of organic fertilizers and energy.

Problems Regarding Treatment of Disturbed Land in Ukraine

The article considers the problems and features of reclamation of disturbed lands of Ukraine in terms of regions, describes the need and importance of land protection in Ukraine and the world and the implementation of measures for reclamation of disturbed lands. The number of disturbed and reclaimed lands in Ukraine as of January 1, 2021 was analyzed and reclamation works were carried out for 2020. The main issues of legislative conflicts that arise during the reclamation of disturbed lands or "non-reclamation" are highlighted. The measures of state control over the use and protection of lands of all categories and forms of ownership conducted by the Main Departments of the State Geocadastre in the regions for the period 2017 - 2020 are analyzed. An example of the use of a spent limestone quarry for construction is given on the example of the Dalhalla Theater and why such foreign experience cannot be applied in Ukraine. The administrative responsibility for "failure" to rehabilitate disturbed lands is highlighted. The problem that arises when accepting already reclaimed lands by local governments or public authorities has been identified. Recommendations are given for the introduction of more effective measures for the restoration of disturbed lands.

Corporate Responsibility towards the Protection and Management of the Environmental Land of Used Mine

Humans exploiting their natural resources must always be based on an environmental approach. This is reasonable because environmental problems are closely related to population growth, the impact of which is the high demand for natural resources. One of the natural resources most widely used by humans for various purposes is coal. The negative impact of coal mining is to trigger deforestation and exacerbate climate change. This writing uses normative juridical research. The approach used is the statutory approach. Therefore, the management process of exploring and exploiting every mining material, especially coal, requires various AMDAL mechanisms as part of environmentally sound development management. Provisions regarding mineral and coal mining activities oblige mining companies to carry out reclamation and post-mining activities of the mining areas they cultivate. The scope of the implementation of reclamation activities starts from exploration, land clearing, excavation of top and over-borders, coal excavation, land arrangement, revegetation, including nursery preparation, and maintenance and evaluation of activity results. Reclamation is carried out no later than one month after there are no more mining business activities on disturbed land. Reclamation and post-mining activities are one of the obligations of mining business activities.

Strategic Priority for Greening the Kuzbass Economy: Land Rehabilitation Fund

In the article, according to the theory and methodology of strategizing of academician V. L. Kvinta substantiates the strategic priority of greening the economy of Kuzbass: the land reclamation fund. This strategic priority has become part of the one developed by the team of of Lomonosov Moscow state University under the leadership of academician V. L. Kvinta Strategies for socio-economic development of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass until 2035.The most serious environmental problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of their violation by open mining operations, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The most serious ecological problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of its disturbance by open pit mining, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The creation of the Kuzbass land reclamation fund, as an economic mechanism of financial guarantees, will make it possible to carry out work on the restoration of disturbed lands at the expense of coal mining enterprises, the authorities of the Kemerovo region will ensure monitoring and control over the reclamation behavior.The strategic initiative reflects the interests of Russia localized in the Kemerovo region, the interests of the region and its residents, its implementation will significantly improve the environmental situation in the region, restore the value of the land and ensure the possibility of its further use, including in agriculture and forestry, compatible with comfortable living of people subsoil use in the region. The strategic priority is backed by competitive advantages and all types of resources.

Growing (with) Muskeg: Oil Sands Reclamation and Healing in Northern Alberta

Scientists working for oil companies in the Athabasca region are developing methods by which to reclaim muskeg (boreal peatlands) on land disturbed by oil sands extraction. The Alberta government requires companies to reclaim disturbed land by achieving equivalent capability of the landscape to support an end land use. Indigenous community members instead define reclamation as establishing not only quantifiable ecological functions, but also relationships to their traditional territories. Tensions emerge as Indigenous concerns are often subsumed within bureaucratic discourses that favour scientific classification and quantification of land uses in reclaimed areas. Divergent responses to muskeg in reclamation activities are informed in part by these competing emphases on quantifiable landscapes as opposed to those that are relational and growing. This article traces this multiplicity through the examination of government and scientific literature and ethnographic fieldwork with Indigenous communities in northern Alberta. Muskeg is used as an analytical tool to explore competing conceptions of land reclamation. Mistranslation of polysemantic terms like muskeg occur on an ontological level, and settler colonial relations and power imbalances between competing languages and knowledge systems proliferate in reclamation activities.

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed).

A. artemisiifolia is an annual herb native to Central and Northern America. It has been accidentally introduced into a large number of countries as a contaminant of seed and grains. A. artemisiifolia typically colonises disturbed land where it produces a large number of seeds which can remain viable in the soil for 40 years or more. The pollen produced by species of Ambrosia is highly allergenic and can induce allergic rhinitis, fever, or dermatitis. As a result, high medical costs have been reported in areas with large infestations in both its native and introduced range. A. artemisiifolia can also invade agricultural land where it acts as a weed in a number of crops (in particular in sunflower, maize, soybean and cereals) and can cause significant decreases in yields.