Modeling runoff and soil erosion in a catchment area, using the GIS, in the Himalayan region, India

Rawa Pening Lake is one of fifteen priority lakes. The problem in Rawa Pening Lake is the rapid sedimentation rate and blooming of water hyacinth which has an impact on the decreasing of storage capacity and water quality. The handling has not shown significant results. Therefore, that it needs to innovate on improvement and maintenance of Rawa Pening Catchment Area that has never done that is in the form of small dam development in Rawa Pening catchment area. The construction of a small dam in the Rawa Pening catchment area can temporarily hold water and prevent the rate of sediment from entering the lake. The purpose of this research is to analyse the influence of small dams in the Rawa Pening catchment area to sedimentation rate in Rawa Pening Lake. Sedimentation is calculated based on soil erosion in the catchment area, using the USLE formula. If There are 40 small-dams in Lake Rawa Pening catchment area, the sedimentation decreased to 78.75%. If there are only 2 small-dams constructed in the Klegung sub-watershed and the Legi sub-watershed, the sedimentation decrease to 67%.

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Mass-movement and flood-induced deposits in Lake Ledro, southern Alps, Italy: implications for Holocene palaeohydrology and natural hazards

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-9-825-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 825-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

A. Simonneau ◽

E. Chapron ◽

B. Vannière ◽

S. B. Wirth ◽

A. Gilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Central Basin ◽

Flood Events ◽

Seismic Profiles ◽

Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽

Soil Thickness ◽

The Holocene

Abstract. High-resolution seismic profiles and sediment cores from Lake Ledro combined with soil and riverbed samples from the lake's catchment area are used to assess the recurrence of natural hazards (earthquakes and flood events) in the southern Italian Alps during the Holocene. Two well-developed deltas and a flat central basin are identified on seismic profiles in Lake Ledro. Lake sediments have been finely laminated in the basin since 9000 cal. yr BP and frequently interrupted by two types of sedimentary events (SEs): light-coloured massive layers and dark-coloured graded beds. Optical analysis (quantitative organic petrography) of the organic matter present in soil, riverbed and lacustrine samples together with lake sediment bulk density and grain-size analysis illustrate that light-coloured layers consist of a mixture of lacustrine sediments and mainly contain algal particles similar to the ones observed in background sediments. Light-coloured layers thicker than 1.5 cm in the main basin of Lake Ledro are synchronous to numerous coeval mass-wasting deposits remoulding the slopes of the basin. They are interpreted as subaquatic mass-movements triggered by historical and pre-historical regional earthquakes dated to AD 2005, AD 1891, AD 1045 and 1260, 2545, 2595, 3350, 3815, 4740, 7190, 9185 and 11 495 cal. yr BP. Dark-coloured SEs develop high-amplitude reflections in front of the deltas and in the deep central basin. These beds are mainly made of terrestrial organic matter (soils and lignocellulosic debris) and are interpreted as resulting from intense hyperpycnal flood event. Mapping and quantifying the amount of soil material accumulated in the Holocene hyperpycnal flood deposits of the sequence allow estimating that the equivalent soil thickness eroded over the catchment area reached up to 5 mm during the largest Holocene flood events. Such significant soil erosion is interpreted as resulting from the combination of heavy rainfall and snowmelt. The recurrence of flash flood events during the Holocene was, however, not high enough to affect pedogenesis processes and highlight several wet regional periods during the Holocene. The Holocene period is divided into four phases of environmental evolution. Over the first half of the Holocene, a progressive stabilization of the soils present through the catchment of Lake Ledro was associated with a progressive reforestation of the area and only interrupted during the wet 8.2 event when the soil destabilization was particularly important. Lower soil erosion was recorded during the mid-Holocene climatic optimum (8000–4200 cal. yr BP) and associated with higher algal production. Between 4200 and 3100 cal. yr BP, both wetter climate and human activities within the drainage basin drastically increased soil erosion rates. Finally, from 3100 cal. yr BP to the present-day, data suggest increasing and changing human land use.

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Soil Erodibility Analysis and Mapping in Gilgel Gibe-I Catchment, Omo-Gibe River Basin, Ethiopia

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2021/8985783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Gizaw Tesfaye ◽

Tolesa Ameyu

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Soil Erodibility ◽

Soil Permeability ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Fine Grained Soil ◽

Texture Class

The soil erosion factor, erodibility, measures the susceptibility of soil particles to transport and detachment by erosive agents. Soil erosion and sedimentation models use soil properties and erodibility as the main input. However, in developing countries such as Ethiopia, data on soil erosion and soil-related properties are limited. For this reason, different researchers use different data sources that are adopted from a large scale and come with very different results. For this reason, the study was proposed to analyze and map the soil erodibility of the catchment area using primary data. 80 mixed soil samples were taken from the catchment with GPS coordinates and analyzed in the laboratory for soil texture class and soil organic matter. Accordingly, sandy clay loam is a dominant soil texture class covering 65% of the catchment area with 2.46% average soil organic matter, which is high in the mountainous part and lower in the lower valley of the catchment area. Most of the catchment area, which accounts for more than 78% of the area, was dominated by medium- or coarse-grained soil structure, and in the upper parts of the catchment area, 21% of the catchment area was covered with fine-grained soil structure. Similarly, 66% of the catchment area was covered with slow to moderate soil permeability, followed by slow soil permeability covering 21% of the area. Finally, the soil erodibility value of the Gilgel Gibe-I catchment was determined to be 0.046 ton h·MJ−1·mm−1 with a range of 0.032 to 0.063 ton·h·MJ−1·mm−1. In general, soils with slow permeability, high silt content, and medium- to fine-grained soil structures are the most erodible. They are conveniently separate; they tend to crust and form high drainage. Knowing this, the catchment has a moderate soil erodibility value. Thus, the study recommends evidence of land cover and the protection of arable land through suitable soil and water protection measures to improve soil permeability and soil structure.

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Quantification of water related soil erosion in the transboundary basin of the Bia (West Africa)

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-384-107-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 384 ◽

pp. 107-112

Author(s):

N'diaye Edwige Hermann Meledje ◽

Kouakou Lazare Kouassi ◽

Yao Alexis N'Go

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

West Africa ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Erosion Rate ◽

Random Variable ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Transboundary Basin ◽

Large Heterogeneity

Abstract. In view of the complexity of the phenomenon of water related soil erosion in the Bia catchment area, linked to a large heterogeneity of soils, to a very scattered and in some places non-existent vegetation cover, and to a poorly distributed precipitation in both space and time, a mapping test of the “specific erosion” random variable is undertaken. The mapping of the intensity of the erosion hazard was carried out using the Universal Soil Loss Model (USLE). The map shows that the basin is generally characterized by relatively moderate erosion rates with an average erosion rate of 16 t/ha/year.

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Aplikasi Penginderaan Jauh dan SIG dalam Penilaian Potensi Erosi Permukaan secara Kualitatif di Daerah Tangkapan Waduk Kedung Ombo

Forum Geografi ◽

10.23917/forgeo.v25i2.5042 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Arina Miardini ◽

Beny Harjadi

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Land Use ◽

Geographic Information Systems ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Type ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Soil Types ◽

Slope Gradient ◽

Slope Direction

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential erosion qualitatively by using SES by using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Kedung Ombo’s catchment area so it can be determined which areas of priority should be conserved. The method used is qualitatively analyses through SES method (Soil Erosion Status).) Which is calculated based on five parameters are: slope direction (aspect), slope (slope gradient), the density of the river (drainage density), soil type (Soil types), and land use (landuse/landcover). The result shows that DTW Kedung Ombo has three classes of erosion, which is very low, low and medium. Amounted to 41179.08 ha or 71.31% of the total DTW Kedung Ombo erosion potential is still relatively mild, 13956.01 ha (24.17%), erosion potential is very low and 2608.95 ha (4:52%) were classified as potential erosion.

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Investigation of the effect of anthropogenic land use on the Pănăzii Lake (Romania) catchment area using Cs-137 and Pb-210 radionuclides

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0251603

Author(s):

Robert-Csaba Begy ◽

Codrin F. Savin ◽

Szabolcs Kelemen ◽

Daniel Veres ◽

Octavian-Liviu Muntean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Sedimentation Rate ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Gamma Spectroscopy ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Soil Erosion Rate ◽

Soil Erosion Rates ◽

Lake Catchment

The problem of soil degradation has accentuated over recent decades. Aspects related to soil erosion and its relation to changes in land use as well as anthropogenic influence constitute a topic of great interest. The current study is focused on a soil erosion assessment in relation to land use activities in the Pănăzii Lake catchment area. Fallout radionuclides were used to provide information on soil erosion as well as redistribution rates and patterns. Variations in the sedimentation rate of the lake were also investigated as these reflect periods in which massive erosion events occurred in the lake catchment area. The novelty of this study is the construction of a timescale with regard to the soil erosion events to better understand the relationship between soil erosion and land use activities. In this study, 10 soil profiles and one sediment core from the lake were taken. Soil parameters were determined for each sample. The activities of 210Pb, 137Cs and 226Ra were measured by gamma spectroscopy. For low 210Pb activities, measurements via 210Po using an alpha spectrometer were performed. Soil erosion rates were determined by the 137Cs method and the sedimentation rate calculated by the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model. A soil erosion rate of 13.5 t·ha-1·yr-1 was obtained. Three distinct periods could be observed in the evolution of the sedimentation rate. For the first period, between 1880 and 1958, the average deposition rate was 9.2 tons/year, followed by a high deposition period (1960–1991) of 29.6 tons/year and a third period, consisting of the last 30 years, during which the sedimentation rate was 15.7 tons/year. These sedimentation rates fluctuated depending on the main land use activity, which can also be seen in the soil erosion rates that had almost doubled by the time agricultural activities were performed in the area.

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