scholarly journals Advanced MR techniques in glioblastoma imaging—upcoming challenges and how to face them

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo A. Auer
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Multiparametric Mri ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification Of Tumors ◽  
Noninvasive Characterization

Key Points• The management of gliomas has changed dramatically since the presentation of the revised WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System in 2016 emphasizing the tumor heterogeneity based on their molecular profile.• The need for a more noninvasive characterization of glioblastomas (GBM) by establishing reliable imaging biomarkers to predict patient outcome and improve therapy monitoring is bigger than ever.• Multiparametric MRI, including promising newer techniques like electrical property tomography and mapping, may have the potential to provide enough information for intelligent imaging postprocessing algorithms to face the challenge by decoding GBM heterogeneity noninvasively.

Tumors of the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 20-58
Author(s):  
Keith L. Ligon ◽  
Karima Mokhtari ◽  
Thomas W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
System P ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification Of Tumors

This chapter presents the most up-to-date classification of tumors of the nervous system, based on the histological appearance of the neoplasm and also on information derived from cytogenetics and molecular biology, now recognized worldwide as increasingly important for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic guidance. The chapter provides a detailed morphologic description of each major tumor type, with numerous illustrations of macroscopic and microscopic lesions. First we consider primary tumors of the nervous system, including those derived from neuroepithelial tissue (astrocytic, oligodendroglial, ependymal, neuronal, and glioneuronal), pineal tissue, peripheral nerve sheath, and meninges. Next lymphomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, and secondary (metastatic) neoplasms are described.

CTNI-27. SINGLE AGENT ACTIVITY OF ONC201 IN NON-MIDLINE H3 K27M-MUTANT DIFFUSE GLIOMAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi65-vi65
Author(s):  
Yazmin Odia ◽  
Ashley Sumrall ◽  
Timothy Cloughesy ◽  
Phioanh Nghiemphu ◽  
Matthew Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Agent ◽  
Line Radiation ◽  
Disease Definition ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Diffuse Gliomas ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification Of Tumors ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Diffuse Midline Glioma

Abstract BACKGROUND H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma is an invariably lethal form of brain cancer that disproportionately affects children and young adults and has no effective treatment following front-line radiation. The initial disease definition in the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System regarded the H3 K27M mutation as pathognomonic, though the definition was updated in 2018 restricting the diagnosis to histologically diffuse gliomas that involve midline CNS structures (cIMPACT-NOW update 2). ONC201 is an investigational anti- cancer small molecule, DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist that has induced durable tumor regressions by RANO-HGG criteria in a registration cohort of recurrent diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant patients treated with single agent ONC201. METHODS We present 7 patients with H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas were enrolled in ONC201 clinical studies, excluded from the registration cohort due to involvement of non-midline CNS structures, all within the cerebral hemispheres (3 frontal, 1 temporal, 1 frontotemporal, 1 parietal, and 1 corona radiata). RESULTS Two of the 7 patients underwent objective responses by RANO-HGG criteria as assessed by investigator, which was associated with clinical benefit that included increased mobility and level of alertness. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas occur outside of midline CNS structures, and suggest that ONC201 has single agent activity in H3 K27M-mutant gliomas irrespective of CNS location.

Single agent activity of ONC201 in non-midline H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14037-e14037
Author(s):  
Yazmin Odia ◽  
Ashley Love Sumrall ◽  
Timothy Francis Cloughesy ◽  
Phioanh Leia Leia Nghiemphu ◽  
Matthew David Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Agent ◽  
Line Radiation ◽  
Disease Definition ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Diffuse Gliomas ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification Of Tumors ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Diffuse Midline Glioma

e14037 Background: H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma is an invariably lethal form of brain cancer that disproportionately affects children and young adults and has no effective treatment following front-line radiation. The initial disease definition in the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System regarded the H3 K27M mutation as pathognomonic, though the definition was updated in 2018 restricting the diagnosis to histologically diffuse gliomas that involve midline CNS structures (cIMPACT-NOW update 2). ONC201 is an investigational anti-cancer small molecule, DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist that has induced durable tumor regressions by RANO-HGG criteria in a registration cohort of recurrent diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant patients treated with single agent ONC201. Methods: We present 7 patients with H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas were enrolled in ONC201 clinical studies, though excluded from the registration cohort due to involvement of non-midline CNS structures, all within the cerebral hemispheres (3 frontal, 1 temporal, 1 frontotemporal, 1 parietal, and 1 corona radiata). Results: Two of the 7 patients underwent objective responses by RANO-HGG criteria as assessed by investigator, which was associated with clinical benefit that included increased mobility and level of alertness. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas occur outside of midline CNS structures, and suggest that ONC201 has single agent activity in H3 K27M-mutant gliomas irrespective of CNS location.

Morphological and Molecular Classification of Human Cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Sherman ◽  
Melissa A. Troester ◽  
Katherine A. Hoadley ◽  
William F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Classification Of Tumors

Accurate and reproducible classification of tumors is essential for clinical management, cancer surveillance, and studies of pathogenesis and etiology. Tumor classification has historically been based on the primary anatomic site or organ in which the tumor occurs and on its morphologic and histologic phenotype. While pathologic criteria are useful in predicting the average behavior of a group of tumors, histopathology alone cannot accurately predict the prognosis and treatment response of individual cancers. Traditional measures such as tumor stage and grade do not take into account molecular events that influence tumor aggressiveness or changes in the tumor composition during treatment. This chapter provides a primer on approaches that use pathology and molecular biology to classify and subclassify cancers. It describes the features of carcinomas, sarcomas, and malignant neoplasms of the immune system and blood, as well as various high-throughput genomic platforms that characterize the molecular profile of tumors.

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