noninvasive characterization
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Author(s):  
Sören J. Backhaus ◽  
Simon F. Rösel ◽  
Alexander Schulz ◽  
Torben Lange ◽  
Kristian Hellenkamp ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Thackeray

Abstract Purpose of Review Current therapeutic strategies to mitigate heart failure progression after myocardial infarction involve support of endogenous repair through molecular targets. The capacity for repair varies greatly between individuals. In this review, we will assess how cardiac PET/CT enables precise characterization of early pathogenetic processes which govern ventricle remodeling and progression to heart failure. Recent Findings Inflammation in the first days after myocardial infarction predicts subsequent functional decline and can influence therapy decisions. The expansion of anti-inflammatory approaches to improve outcomes after myocardial infarction may benefit from noninvasive characterization using imaging. Novel probes also allow visualization of fibroblast transdifferentiation and activation, as a precursor to ventricle remodeling. Summary The expanding arsenal of molecular imaging agents in parallel with new treatment options provides opportunity to harmonize diagnostic imaging with precision therapy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina N. Vidinova ◽  
Dafina P. Antonova ◽  
Pravoslava T. Guguchkova ◽  
Kalin N. Vidinov

Abstract OCT-A i a new imaging modality that provides the opportunity for noninvasive characterization and quantification of the microvasculature in wet AMD.Purpose: The purpose of our study is to outline the different OCT- A characteristics of neovascular membranes in AMD in regard to their correlation with the effect of treatment and prognosis.Methods: In our prospective study 42 patients with wet AMD were enrolled. They were divided in 3 groups: 25 with Type 1 membranes (under RPE), 11 patients with Type 2 membranes and 6 with Type 3 – RAP lesions. They all underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including VA, fundus photography, structural OCT (Rtvue, Optovue) and OCT-A (Angiophlex, Zeiss). All of the patients were treated with aflibercept (Eylea) - 3 injections. They all were evaluated after the third injection.Results: In the group of patients with type 1 CNV usually a medusa shaped neovascular complex with afferent vessel, originating in the choroid was observed on the OCT-A. In 9 cases the vessels were very rough and larger than in the general group. The type 2 CNV we visualized a neovascular network that grows from the choroid vasculature traverses the RPE- Bruch’s membrane complex into the subretinal space. These structures usually had glomeruli like shape. Type 3 CNV is seen on OCT-A as retinal-choroid anastomoses originating in the deep capillary plexus of the retina. The majority of patients improved VA and retinal thickness after the application of Eylea. Only in 9 cases no change was seen. Those were mainly cases with Type 1 CNV and with larger caliber of the vessels.Conclusion: OCT angiography is a new imaging modality capable of revealing the morphological structure of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 neovascularization in exudative AMD. Visualizing the microarchitecture of the CNV membrane offers the prospect to evaluate the possible responses to therapy. Our results indicate that type 1 lesions, composed of a greater proportion of larger, mature vessels are less responsive to anti-VEGF therapy and are with poor prognosis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Nicolaeva Vidinova ◽  
Dafina Antonova ◽  
Pravoslava Guguchkova ◽  
Kalin Vidinov

Abstract OCT-A i a new imaging modality that provides the opportunity for noninvasive characterization and quantification of the microvasculature in wet AMD.Purpose: The purpose of our study is to outline the different OCT- A characteristics of neovascular membranes in AMD in regard to their correlation with the effect of treatment and prognosis.Methods: In our prospective study 42 patients with wet AMD were enrolled. They were divided in 3 groups: 25 with Type 1 membranes (under RPE), 11 patients with Type 2 membranes and 6 with Type 3 – RAP lesions. They all underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including VA, fundus photography, structural OCT (Rtvue, Optovue) and OCT-A (Angiophlex, Zeiss). All of the patients were treated with aflibercept (Eylea) - 3 injections. They all were evaluated after the third injection.Results: In the group of patients with type 1 CNV usually a medusa shaped neovascular complex with afferent vessel, originating in the choroid was observed on the OCT-A. In 9 cases the vessels were very rough and larger than in the general group.The type 2 CNV we visualized a neovascular network that grows from the choroid vasculature traverses the RPE- Bruch’s membrane complex into the subretinal space. These structures usually had glomeruli like shape.Type 3 CNV is seen on OCT-A as retinal-choroid anastomoses originating in the deep capillary plexus of the retina. The majority of patients improved VA and retinal thickness after the application of Eylea. Only in 9 cases no change was seen. Those were mainly cases with Type 1 CNV and with larger caliber of the vessels.Conclusion: OCT angiography is a new imaging modality capable of revealing the morphological structure of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 neovascularization in exudative AMD. Visualizing the microarchitecture of the CNV membrane offers the prospect to evaluate the possible responses to therapy. Our results indicate that type 1 lesions, composed of a greater proportion of larger, mature vessels are less responsive to anti- VEGF therapy and are with poor prognosis.


Author(s):  
Timo A. Auer

Key Points• The management of gliomas has changed dramatically since the presentation of the revised WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System in 2016 emphasizing the tumor heterogeneity based on their molecular profile.• The need for a more noninvasive characterization of glioblastomas (GBM) by establishing reliable imaging biomarkers to predict patient outcome and improve therapy monitoring is bigger than ever.• Multiparametric MRI, including promising newer techniques like electrical property tomography and mapping, may have the potential to provide enough information for intelligent imaging postprocessing algorithms to face the challenge by decoding GBM heterogeneity noninvasively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
Eui Kyu Chie ◽  
Seung Hyuck Jeon ◽  
Yu Jin Lim ◽  
Jaemoon Koh ◽  
Sehui Kim ◽  
...  

123 Background: Despite increasing use of cancer immunotherapies, no biomarker relevant to anti-tumor immunity has been developed in rectal cancer. The present study aims to develop a radiomic signature to predict the infiltration of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods: In total, 131 patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) from 2005 to 2012 were analyzed. The study included pre-CRT dataset A ( n = 113; n = 75 and 38 for training and validation) and post-CRT datasets B ( n = 32; predominance of tumor) and C ( n = 20; pure fibrosis). To build the radiomic signature, 38 features selected from pre-CRT T2-weighted MRI scans were incorporated into the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. Results: Higher CD8+ TIL infiltration was associated with better overall and progression-free survival ( P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). In pre-CRT dataset A, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of radiomic score for predicting CD8+ TILs were 0.760 and 0.729 for training and validation subsets, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between the radiomic signature and CD8+ TIL density in the post-CRT dataset B (Pearson’s R = ‒0.372, P = 0.036), whereas no association was found within the dataset C accounting for pure fibrosis after CRT (Pearson’s R = ‒0.069, P = 0.77). Conclusions: We established the MRI-derived radiomic signature for predicting CD8+ TIL infiltration in the contemporary treatment era of rectal cancer. The noninvasive characterization of tumor immune status would provide insights into the role of radiomic-pathology modeling to predict the local immune phenotypes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. eabb1654
Author(s):  
Shusuke Toden ◽  
Jiali Zhuang ◽  
Alexander D. Acosta ◽  
Amy P. Karns ◽  
Neeraj S. Salathia ◽  
...  

The lack of accessible noninvasive tools to examine the molecular alterations occurring in the brain limits our understanding of the causes and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as the identification of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we conducted a comprehensive profiling of circulating, cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) in plasma of 126 patients with AD and 116 healthy controls of similar age. We identified 2591 dysregulated genes in the cf-mRNA of patients with AD, which are enriched in biological processes well known to be associated with AD. Dysregulated genes included brain-specific genes and resembled those identified to be dysregulated in postmortem AD brain tissue. Furthermore, we identified disease-relevant circulating gene transcripts that correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. These data highlight the potential of high-throughput cf-mRNA sequencing to evaluate AD-related pathophysiological alterations in the brain, leading to precision healthcare solutions that could improve AD patient management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100055
Author(s):  
Johanna Zech ◽  
Michael Mader ◽  
Daniel Gündel ◽  
Hendrik Metz ◽  
Andreas Odparlik ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Chia‐Hung Wu ◽  
Jiing‐Feng Lirng ◽  
Yu‐Hsiang Ling ◽  
Yen‐Feng Wang ◽  
Hsiu‐Mei Wu ◽  
...  

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