Discordant coral–symbiont structuring: factors shaping geographical variation of Symbiodinium communities in a facultative zooxanthellate coral genus, Oculina

The cancer risks posed by ten substances in raw and purified water were estimated for each municipality in Japan to compare risks between raw and purified water, and inter-municipality. Water concentrations were estimated by use of statistical data. Assigning cancer unit risks to each substance and applying the assumption of additive toxicological effects to multiple carcinogens, total cancer risks of the waters were estimated. As a result, the geometric means of total cancer risks in raw and purified water were 1.16×10−5 and 2.18×10−5, respectively. In raw water, the contribution ratio of arsenic to total cancer risk accounted for 97%. In purified water, that of four trihalomethanes (THMs) accounted for 54%. The increase of total cancer risks in purified water was due to THMs. In regard to the geographical variation, the relationship between population size and total cancer risks were investigated. The result was that there were higher cancer risks in the big cities with the population more than a million both in raw and purified water. One plausible reason for the higher risks in purified water in the big cities is a larger chlorination dose due to the huge water supply areas. The reason for the increase in raw water remained unclear.

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Investigating incidence and possible causes of pink and purple pigmentation response in hard coral genus Porites around Okinawajima Island, Japan

Regional Studies in Marine Science ◽

10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 101569

Author(s):

Toshiki Kubomura ◽

Hin Boo Wee ◽

James Davis Reimer

Keyword(s):

Hard Coral ◽

Coral Genus

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Interspecific interactions among species of the coral genus Porites from Okinawa, Japan

Zoology ◽

10.1078/0944-2006-00014 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 91-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Baruch Rinkevich ◽

Kazuhiko Sakai

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Interactions ◽

Coral Genus

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Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Soft Coral Genus Sinularia since 2013

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19060335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Xia Yan ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Xue Leng ◽

Han Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Coral Species ◽

Soft Coral ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Vital Role ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Lead Compounds ◽

Coral Genus

Sinularia is one of the conspicuous soft coral species widely distributed in the world’s oceans at a depth of about 12 m. Secondary metabolites from the genus Sinularia show great chemical diversity. More than 700 secondary metabolites have been reported to date, including terpenoids, norterpenoids, steroids/steroidal glycosides, and other types. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities. There were detailed reviews on the terpenoids from Sinularia in 2013, and now, it still plays a vital role in the innovation of lead compounds for drug development. The structures, names, and pharmacological activities of compounds isolated from the genus Sinularia from 2013 to March 2021 are summarized in this review.

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