Leg kinematics and muscle activity during treadmill running in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis : II. Fast running

1997 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Watson ◽  
R. E. Ritzmann
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Blaberus Discoidalis ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
Leg Kinematics

Lower-Extremity Muscle Activity During Aquatic and Land Treadmill Running at the Same Speeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Matthew Silvers ◽  
Eadric Bressel ◽  
D. Clark Dickin ◽  
Garry Killgore ◽  
Dennis G. Dolny
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Context:Muscle activation during aquatic treadmill (ATM) running has not been examined, despite similar investigations for other modes of aquatic locomotion and increased interest in ATM running.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to compare normalized (percentage of maximal voluntary contraction; %MVC), absolute duration (aDUR), and total (tACT) lower-extremity muscle activity during land treadmill (TM) and ATM running at the same speeds.Design:Exploratory, quasi-experimental, crossover design.Setting:Athletic training facility.Participants:12 healthy recreational runners (age = 25.8 ± 5 y, height = 178.4 ± 8.2 cm, mass = 71.5 ± 11.5 kg, running experience = 8.2 ± 5.3 y) volunteered for participation.Intervention:All participants performed TM and ATM running at 174.4, 201.2, and 228.0 m/min while surface electromyographic data were collected from the vastus medialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris.Main Outcome Measures:For each muscle, a 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the main effects and environment–speed interaction (P ≤ .05) of each dependent variable: %MVC, aDUR, and tACT.Results:Compared with TM, ATM elicited significantly reduced %MVC (−44.0%) but increased aDUR (+213.1%) and tACT (+41.9%) in the vastus medialis, increased %MVC (+48.7%) and aDUR (+128.1%) in the rectus femoris during swing phase, reduced %MVC (−26.9%) and tACT (−40.1%) in the gastrocnemius, increased aDUR (+33.1%) and tACT (+35.7%) in the tibialis anterior, and increased aDUR (+41.3%) and tACT (+29.2%) in the biceps femoris. At faster running speeds, there were significant increases in tibialis anterior %MVC (+8.6−15.2%) and tACT (+12.7−17.0%) and rectus femoris %MVC (12.1−26.6%; swing phase).Conclusion:No significant environment–speed interaction effects suggested that observed muscle-activity differences between ATM and TM were due to environmental variation, ie, buoyancy (presumed to decrease %MVC) and drag forces (presumed to increase aDUR and tACT) in the water.

Blood Lactate Response, Oxygen Consumption, and Muscle Activity during Treadmill Running with Constraint

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haudum ◽  
J. Birklbauery ◽  
R. Sieghartsleitner ◽  
C. Gonaus ◽  
E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Treadmill Running

scholarly journals Is Motorized Treadmill Running Biomechanically Comparable to Overground Running? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Over Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Van Hooren ◽  
Joel T. Fuller ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
Jayme R. Miller ◽  
Kerry Sewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Internal Joint

Abstract Background Treadmills are often used in research, clinical practice, and training. Biomechanical investigations comparing treadmill and overground running report inconsistent findings. Objective This study aimed at comparing biomechanical outcomes between motorized treadmill and overground running. Methods Four databases were searched until June 2019. Crossover design studies comparing lower limb biomechanics during non-inclined, non-cushioned, quasi-constant-velocity motorized treadmill running with overground running in healthy humans (18–65 years) and written in English were included. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed where possible. Results 33 studies (n = 494 participants) were included. Most outcomes did not differ between running conditions. However, during treadmill running, sagittal foot–ground angle at footstrike (mean difference (MD) − 9.8° [95% confidence interval: − 13.1 to − 6.6]; low GRADE evidence), knee flexion range of motion from footstrike to peak during stance (MD 6.3° [4.5 to 8.2]; low), vertical displacement center of mass/pelvis (MD − 1.5 cm [− 2.7 to − 0.8]; low), and peak propulsive force (MD − 0.04 body weights [− 0.06 to − 0.02]; very low) were lower, while contact time (MD 5.0 ms [0.5 to 9.5]; low), knee flexion at footstrike (MD − 2.3° [− 3.6 to − 1.1]; low), and ankle sagittal plane internal joint moment (MD − 0.4 Nm/kg [− 0.7 to − 0.2]; low) were longer/higher, when pooled across overground surfaces. Conflicting findings were reported for amplitude of muscle activity. Conclusions Spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic, muscle activity, and muscle–tendon outcome measures are largely comparable between motorized treadmill and overground running. Considerations should, however, particularly be given to sagittal plane kinematic differences at footstrike when extrapolating treadmill running biomechanics to overground running. Protocol registration CRD42018083906 (PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews).

scholarly journals The effect of breast support on upper body muscle activity during 5km treadmill running

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Milligan ◽  
Chris Mills ◽  
Joanna Scurr
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Muscle

scholarly journals A load-based mechanism for inter-leg coordination in insects

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1868) ◽  
pp. 20171755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Dallmann ◽  
Thierry Hoinville ◽  
Volker Dürr ◽  
Josef Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Carausius Morosus ◽  
Stick Insects ◽  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Body Load ◽  
Leg Kinematics ◽  
Walking Stick

Animals rely on an adaptive coordination of legs during walking. However, which specific mechanisms underlie coordination during natural locomotion remains largely unknown. One hypothesis is that legs can be coordinated mechanically based on a transfer of body load from one leg to another. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously recorded leg kinematics, ground reaction forces and muscle activity in freely walking stick insects ( Carausius morosus ). Based on torque calculations, we show that load sensors (campaniform sensilla) at the proximal leg joints are well suited to encode the unloading of the leg in individual steps. The unloading coincides with a switch from stance to swing muscle activity, consistent with a load reflex promoting the stance-to-swing transition. Moreover, a mechanical simulation reveals that the unloading can be ascribed to the loading of a specific neighbouring leg, making it exploitable for inter-leg coordination. We propose that mechanically mediated load-based coordination is used across insects analogously to mammals.

scholarly journals Biomechanics of overground vs. treadmill walking in healthy individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Joo Lee ◽  
Joseph Hidler
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Leg Kinematics

The goal of this study was to compare treadmill walking with overground walking in healthy subjects with no known gait disorders. Nineteen subjects were tested, where each subject walked on a split-belt instrumented treadmill as well as over a smooth, flat surface. Comparisons between walking conditions were made for temporal gait parameters such as step length and cadence, leg kinematics, joint moments and powers, and muscle activity. Overall, very few differences were found in temporal gait parameters or leg kinematics between treadmill and overground walking. Conversely, sagittal plane joint moments were found to be quite different, where during treadmill walking trials, subjects demonstrated less dorsiflexor moments, less knee extensor moments, and greater hip extensor moments. Joint powers in the sagittal plane were found to be similar at the ankle but quite different at the knee and hip joints. Differences in muscle activity were observed between the two walking modalities, particularly in the tibialis anterior throughout stance, and in the hamstrings, vastus medialis and adductor longus during swing. While differences were observed in muscle activation patterns, joint moments and joint powers between the two walking modalities, the overall patterns in these behaviors were quite similar. From a therapeutic perspective, this suggests that training individuals with neurological injuries on a treadmill appears to be justified.

Na+-K+-ATPase in rat skeletal muscle: muscle fiber-specific differences in exercise-induced changes in ion affinity and maximal activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. R125-R132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Juel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle

It is unclear whether muscle activity reduces or increases Na+-K+-ATPase maximal in vitro activity in rat skeletal muscle, and it is not known whether muscle activity changes the Na+-K+-ATPase ion affinity. The present study uses quantification of ATP hydrolysis to characterize muscle fiber type-specific changes in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in sarcolemmal membranes and in total membranes obtained from control rats and after 30 min of treadmill running. ATPase activity was measured at Na+ concentrations of 0–80 mM and K+ concentrations of 0–10 mM. Km and Vmax values were obtained from a Hill plot. Km for Na+ was higher (lower affinity) in total membranes of glycolytic muscle (extensor digitorum longus and white vastus lateralis), when compared with oxidative muscle (red gastrocnemius and soleus). Treadmill running induced a significant decrease in Km for Na+ in total membranes of glycolytic muscle, which abolished the fiber-type difference in Na+ affinity. Km for K+ (in the presence of Na+) was not influenced by running. Running only increased the maximal in vitro activity ( Vmax) in total membranes from soleus, whereas Vmax remained constant in the three other muscles tested. In conclusion, muscle activity induces fiber type-specific changes both in Na+ affinity and maximal in vitro activity of the Na+-K+-ATPase. The underlying mechanisms may involve translocation of subunits and increased association between PLM units and the αβ complex. The changes in Na+-K+-ATPase ion affinity are expected to influence muscle ion balance during muscle contraction.

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