Fast-running theropods tracks from the Early Cretaceous of La Rioja, Spain

Theropod behaviour and biodynamics are intriguing questions that paleontology has been trying to resolve for a long time. The lack of extant groups with similar bipedalism has made it hard to answer some of the questions on the matter, yet theoretical biomechanical models have shed some light on the question of how fast theropods could run and what kind of movement they showed. The study of dinosaur tracks can help answer some of these questions due to the very nature of tracks as a product of the interaction of these animals with the environment. Two trackways belonging to fast-running theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Enciso Group of Igea (La Rioja) are presented here and compared with other fast-running theropod trackways published to date. The Lower Cretaceous Iberian fossil record and some features present in these footprints and trackways suggest a basal tetanuran, probably a carcharodontosaurid or spinosaurid, as a plausible trackmaker. Speed analysis shows that these trackways, with speed ranges of 6.5–10.3 and 8.8–12.4 ms−1, testify to some of the top speeds ever calculated for theropod tracks, shedding light on the question of dinosaur biodynamics and how these animals moved.

Study on the DLOFC accident of the GEMINI+ conceptual design of HTGR reactor with MELCOR and SPECTRA

The work presented in this paper was performed within the Euratom Horizon 2020 GEMINI Plus project. Behavior of the HTGR reactor under severe accident conditions was investigated and the maximum fuel temperature was observed. Due to application of the TRISO particles and SiC layers in the fuel element, no damage of the fuel is expected up to 1600°C. Under the cooperation in the project between Nuclear Research Group (NRG) and National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) a code-to-code calculations were carried out between the SPECTRA and MELCOR codes. SPECTRA code, developed by the NRG is a thermal hydraulic analysis code and MELCOR 2.1.6342 used by NCBJ developed by SANDIA National Laboratory is fast running severe accident code. Both codes have already HTGR specific models build in. The following accident was analyzed and will be presented: Depressurized Loss of Forced Circulation (DLOFC) with 65 mm break at the top of reactor vessel. The scenario was calculated applying following sets of assumptions: best estimate and conservative. Plant behavior was analyzed including primary and secondary side of the reactor. As the results of applying conservative assumptions, it was found that fuel temperature excides the acceptable limit of 1620°C. Therefore, changes in the core design were proposed by project participants. Analyses of the new core showed acceptable temperatures. In the paper the results of code-to-code comparison are presented. Both codes have shown a good agreement of presented following characteristics on maximum fuel temperature, relative power and Reactor Cavity Cooling System power, primary pressure and break flow.

Fast-Running Theropods Tracks From the Early Cretaceous of La Rioja, Spain

Theropod behaviour and biodynamics are intriguing questions that paleontology has been trying to resolve for a long time. The lack of extant groups with similar bipedalism has made it hard to answer some of the questions on the matter, yet theoretical biomechanical models have shed some light on the question of how fast theropods could run and what kind of movement they showed. The study of dinosaur tracks can help answer some of these questions due to the very nature of tracks as a product of the interaction of these animals with the environment. Two trackways belonging to fast-running theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Enciso Group of Igea (La Rioja) are presented here and compared with other fast-running theropod trackways published to date. The Lower Cretaceous Iberian fossil record and some features present in these footprints and trackways suggest a basal tetanuran, probably a carcharodontosaurid or spinosaurid, as a plausible trackmaker. Speed analysis shows that these trackways, with speed ranges of 6.5−10.3 and 8.8−12.4 ms-1, testify to some of the top speeds ever calculated for theropod tracks, shedding light on the question of dinosaur biodynamics and how these animals moved.

Microfluidic Network Simulations Enable On-Demand Prediction of Control Parameters for Operating Lab-On-A-Chip-Devices

Reliable operation of lab-on-a-chip systems depends on user-friendly, precise, and predictable fluid management tailored to particular sub-tasks of the microfluidic process protocol and their required sample fluids. Pressure-driven flow control, where the sample fluids are delivered to the chip from pressurized feed vessels, simplifies the fluid management even for multiple fluids. The achieved flow rates depend on the pressure settings, fluid properties, and pressure-throughput characteristics of the complete microfluidic system composed of the chip and the interconnecting tubing. The prediction of the required pressure settings for achieving given flow rates simplifies the control tasks and enables opportunities for automation. In our work, we utilize a fast-running, Kirchhoff-based microfluidic network simulation that solves the complete microfluidic system for in-line prediction of the required pressure settings within less than 200 ms. The appropriateness of and benefits from this approach are demonstrated as exemplary for creating multi-component laminar co-flow and the creation of droplets with variable composition. Image-based methods were combined with chemometric approaches for the readout and correlation of the created multi-component flow patterns with the predictions obtained from the solver.

A Hybrid Numerical Framework for Simulation of Ships Maneuvering in Waves

The maneuvering characteristics of a surface ship play a critical role in the safety of navigation both in port and in an open seaway, and are vital to the overall operational ability of the ship. The vast majority of maneuvering analyses for ships have been performed under the assumption of calm water, yet ships mostly operate in waves. Understanding of maneuvering in waves is limited by the complexity of the problem and the challenges of performing physical experiments and numerical simulations. In this work, a new fast-running method that allows for the study of maneuvering in waves is formulated. The newly formulated approach is categorized as a “hybrid method,” taking its name from the multiple numerical methods and force models used to predict the total hydrodynamic force acting on the vessel maneuvering in waves. The framework presented here uses a combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics, a linear time-domain boundary element method, and a propeller-force model for efficient computation of the total hydrodynamic force.

Implementation of Selection Sort Algorithm in Various Programming Languages

Sorting algorithmdeals with the arrangement of alphanumeric data in static order.It plays an important roleinthe field of data science. Selection sort is one ofthe simplest and efficient algorithms which can be applied for the huge number of elements it works likeby giving list of unsorted information, the calculation which breaksintotwo partitions. One section has all the sorted information and another sectionhas all thestaying unsorted information. The calculation rehashes itself, by finding the smallestcomponentinside the rundown of unsorted information and swappingitwith the furthest left component, in the end setting everything straight information.This researchpresents the implementationof selection sort usingC/C++, Python, and Rust and measuredthetime complexity. After experiment,we have collectedtheresults in terms of running time, andanalyzed the outcomes.It was observed that python language hasvery smallamount of line of code, and it also consumesless storage and fast running time then other two languages.

ARTISTIC EXPRESSION OF CARICATURES OF PEOPLE'S ARTIST HUSEYNGULU ALIYEV

In Huseyngulu Aliyev's works, we always see the successful expression of harsh color transitions, tonal spots, light effects, instant glare in the formation of dynamism, as well as the artist's unique creative position with different compositional structures in the more exciting presentation of these effects. In his work "Molla Nasreddin", which is currently preserved in a private collection in Norway, the artist expressed the deep expression of dynamism in the composition, both in the intensity of movements, sudden jumps, hymns of speed, and the contrasting transition of colors from light to dark or vice versa. It is interesting to recreate the artistic solution of the instantaneous plot in which the fruit of the old man, sitting on a fast-running donkey, spreads in the air and begins to scatter in the air. The clear language of caricatures created by Huseyngulu Aliyev, which combines both matte and bright tones of colors such as green, yellow and brown, is very thought-provoking due to their mobility and dynamism. Created in 1993, the interesting language of expression of the works, which is a vivid example of the idea mentioned in the cartoons with ink and pen, attracts attention. In "Unsuccesfull" the intention of a thief in a black mask to plunder the country, but before that the looting of these places ended in the failure of his plan. The astonishment of the robber looking at the empty baskets and glasses scattered on the ground makes it possible to imagine the facial features he covers. The clear language of caricatures created by Huseyngulu Aliyev is also very thought-provoking due to their mobility and dynamism. Created in 1993, the interesting language of expression of the works, which is a vivid example of the idea mentioned in the cartoons with ink and pen, attracts attention. In "Unsuccesfull" the intention of a thief in a black mask to plunder the country, but before that the looting of these places ended in the failure of his plan.The astonishment of the robber looking at the empty baskets and glasses scattered on the ground makes it possible to imagine the facial features he covers. Among the graphic examples created in the mentioned period, the unique composition of the work "Roads" attracts the attention of the audience with its interesting composition, which has a great meaning. The artist sang the song of a long way with the movement of crowded people in the same direction. The march of people who join the movement on an empty background expresses their common thinking and will. Here, the artist has successfully implemented mass thinking, not where and why the roads go. It is well-known that art, which came to art by chance, but managed to introduce itself in any way, has gained popularity in our time. The artist's very interesting and humorous composition in his caricature "Patriot of art" created about 20 years ago is dedicated to this type of "artists". The stage hymn of the performance of a long-eared man holding his tambourine in his hands in an artistic form clearly expresses the artist's purpose. The solution of the symbolic meaning given to some scenes of life by the artist using folk sayings in the unique compositional structure gives the basis to evaluate the artist's creativity by presenting it in a different form in each work. For example, in his 2001 work, “They Make the Old Moon a Star”, he praised an astrologer sitting on his back with his head cut off and turning the old moon into a star in the sky. The artist was referring to people who were ungrateful and apostate (Figure 2.91). In Huseyngulu Aliyev's caricatures, artistic exaggerations, different assessments of events or directing them in accordance with the content of the work are of interest as creative extraordinary creative discoveries. For example, the artist, who turned a fragment from the world-famous sculptor Auguste Rodin's "The Thinker" into the content of the painting, watched the two snakes collide, fight, and try to poison each other, thinking deeply about world events. Here, the sharpness of the artistic generalization in such a difficult scene as the destruction of the same sex makes the viewer think (Figure 2.96).