A low-dose, 6-week bovine colostrum supplementation maintains performance and attenuates inflammatory indices following a Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test in soccer players

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of low-dose bovine colostrum protein concentrate (CPC) supplementation on selected immune variables in cyclists. Twenty-nine highly trained male road cyclists completed an initial 40-km time trial (TT40) and were then randomly assigned to either a supplement ( n = 14, 10 g bovine CPC/day) or placebo group ( n = 15, 10 g whey protein concentrate/day). After 5 wk of supplementation, the cyclists completed a second TT40. They then completed 5 consecutive days of high-intensity training (HIT) that included a TT40, followed by a final TT40 in the following week. Venous blood and saliva samples were collected immediately before and after each TT40, and upper respiratory illness symptoms were recorded over the experimental period. Compared with the placebo group, bovine CPC supplementation significantly increased preexercise serum soluble TNF receptor 1 during the HIT period (bovine CPC = 882 ± 233 pg/ml, placebo = 468 ± 139 pg/ml; P = 0.039). Supplementation also suppressed the postexercise decrease in cytotoxic/suppressor T cells during the HIT period (bovine CPC = −1.0 ± 2.7%, placebo = −9.2 ± 2.8%; P = 0.017) and during the following week (bovine CPC = 1.4 ± 2.9%, placebo = −8.2 ± 2.8%; P = 0.004). Bovine CPC supplementation prevented a postexercise decrease in serum IgG2 concentration at the end of the HIT period (bovine CPC = 4.8 ± 6.8%, P = 0.88; placebo = −9.7 ± 6.9%, P = 0.013). There was a trend toward reduced incidence of upper respiratory illness symptoms in the bovine CPC group ( P = 0.055). In summary, low-dose bovine CPC supplementation modulates immune parameters during normal training and after an acute period of intense exercise, which may have contributed to the trend toward reduced upper respiratory illness in the bovine CPC group.

Download Full-text

The Effect of 45 Minutes of Soccer-Specific Exercise on the Performance of Soccer Skills

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.4.2.163 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 163-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Keeron J. Stone ◽

Jonathan L. Oliver

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Test List ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Specific Exercise ◽

Point Score ◽

Soccer Match ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Participants ◽

Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

Purpose:The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fatigue, developed during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise, on the performance of soccer shooting and dribbling skill.Methods:Nine semiprofessional soccer players with a mean age of 20.7 ± 1.4 years volunteered to participate in the study. Participants completed a slalom dribble test and the Loughborough Soccer Shooting Test (LSST), before and directly following the performance of three 15-min bouts of a modified version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST).Results:Mean heart rates and mean 15-m sprint times remained unchanged across the three bouts of the LIST. Following the LIST slalom dribbling time increased significantly by 4.5 ± 4.0% (P = .009), while the mean total points scored during the LSST was significantly reduced by 7.6 ± 7.0 points (P = .012). When fatigued the frequency of shots in the LSST achieving the highest score of 5 points was reduced by 47% while the frequency of shots achieving the lowest 0 point score increased by 85%.Conclusion:Results show that while 45 min of exercise caused no decrements in sprint performance there were significant reductions in the ability to perform soccer-specific skills. Both the speed (dribbling time) and accuracy (shot performance) with which soccer-specific skills were executed was impaired following exercise replicating one-half of a soccer match.

Download Full-text

The specificity of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test for recreational soccer players is independent of their intermittent running ability

Research in Sports Medicine ◽

10.1080/15438627.2016.1222279 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 363-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Giuseppe Coratella ◽

Marco Beato ◽

Federico Schena

Keyword(s):

Soccer Players ◽

Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

Download Full-text

The Effect of High Carbohydrate Meals with Different Glycemic Indices on Recovery of Performance during Prolonged Intermittent High-Intensity Shuttle Running

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.16.4.393 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 393-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Samuel Erith ◽

Clyde Williams ◽

Emma Stevenson ◽

Siobhan Chamberlain ◽

Pippa Crews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

High Intensity ◽

Test List ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Glycemic Indices ◽

Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

This study examined the effect of high carbohydrate meals with different glycemic indices (GI) on recovery of performance during prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running. Seven male semi-professional soccer players (age 23 ± 2 y, body mass [BM] 73.7 ± 9.0 kg and maximal oxygen uptake 58 ± 1.0 mL · kg−1 · min−1) participated in two trials in a randomized cross-over design. On day 1, the subjects performed 90 min of an intermittent high-intensity shuttle running protocol [Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST)]. They then consumed a mixed high carbohydrate recovery diet (8 g/kg BM) consisting of either high (HGI) (GI: 70) or low (LGI) (GI: 35) GI foods. Twenty-two hours later (day 2) the subjects completed 75 min of the LIST (part A) followed by alternate sprinting and jogging to fatigue (part B). No differences were found between trials in time to fatigue (HGI 25.3 ± 4.0 min vs. LGI 22.9 ± 5.6 min, P = 0.649). Similarly, no differences were found between trials for sprint performance and distance covered during part B of the LIST. In conclusion, the GI of the diet during the 22 h recovery did not affect sprint and endurance performance the following day.

Download Full-text

Muscle Damage and Performance after Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4134

Author(s):

Tai-Ying Chou ◽

Kazunori Nosaka ◽

Trevor C. Chen

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Test List ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Performance Decline ◽

Isometric Torque ◽

And Performance ◽

Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

The present study aimed to compare changes in muscle damage and performance parameters after playing single versus multiple soccer matches to examine fixture congestion effects on performance. Twelve elite female university soccer players performed single, three and six consecutive 90-min bouts of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) with ≥12-weeks between conditions in a pseudo-randomized order. Heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion and covering distance in each LIST were examined. Changes in several types of muscle damage (e.g., maximal voluntary isometric torque of the knee extensors: MVC-KE) and performance measures (e.g., Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1: YYIR1) were taken before each LIST, 1 h, and 1–5 d after the last LIST. The total distance covered during the LIST was shorter (p < 0.05) in the 2nd–3rd, or 2nd–6th LISTs when compared with the 1st LIST. Changes (p < 0.05) in all measures were observed after the LIST, and the greatest changes were observed after the six than after the three LISTs followed by one LIST (e.g., largest changes in MVC-KE: −26 > −20 > −14%; YYIR1: −31 > −26 > −11%). Many of the variables did not recover to the baseline for 5 d after six LISTs. These suggest that fixture congestion induces greater muscle damage and performance decline than a single match.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Self-Selected Intermittent Running Performance

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 550-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ian Rollo ◽

George Homewood ◽

Clyde Williams ◽

James Carter ◽

Vicky L. Goosey-Tolfrey

Keyword(s):

Test List ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Running Performance ◽

Mouth Rinsing ◽

Maltodextrin Solution ◽

Carbohydrate Solution ◽

Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test ◽

Selection Of

This study investigated the influence of mouth rinsing a carbohydrate solution on self-selected intermittent variable-speed running performance. Eleven male amateur soccer players completed a modified version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) on 2 occasions separated by 1 wk. The modified LIST allowed the self-selection of running speeds during Block 6 of the protocol (75–90 min). Players rinsed and expectorated 25 ml of noncaloric placebo (PLA) or 10% maltodextrin solution (CHO) for 10 s, routinely during Block 6 of the LIST. Self-selected speeds during the walk and cruise phases of the LIST were similar between trials. Jogging speed was significantly faster during the CHO (11.3 ± 0.7 km·h−1) than during the PLA trial (10.5 ± 1.3 km · h−1) (p = .010); 15-m sprint speeds were not different between trials (PLA: 2.69 ± 0.18 s: CHO: 2.65 ± 0.13 s) (F(2, 10), p = .157), but significant benefits were observed for sprint distance covered (p = .024). The threshold for the smallest worthwhile change in sprint performance was set at 0.2 s. Inferential statistical analysis showed the chance that CHO mouth rinse was beneficial, negligible, or detrimental to repeated sprint performance was 86%, 10%, and 4%, respectively. In conclusion, mouth rinsing and expectorating a 10% maltodextrin solution was associated with a significant increase in self-selected jogging speed. Repeated 15-m sprint performance was also 86% likely to benefit from routinely mouth rinsing a carbohydrate solution in comparison with a taste-matched placebo.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Long-Term Magnesium Creatine Chelate Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Ability (RAST) in Elite Soccer Players

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12102961 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2961

Author(s):

Adam Zajac ◽

Artur Golas ◽

Jakub Chycki ◽

Mateusz Halz ◽

Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Average Power ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Ability Test ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Acid Base Equilibrium ◽

Before And After ◽

Sprint Ability

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of 16 weeks of a low dose of magnesium creatine chelate supplementation on repeated sprint ability test (RAST) results in elite soccer players. Materials: Twenty well-trained soccer players participated in the study. The players were divided randomly into two groups: the supplemented group (SG = 10) and placebo group (PG = 10). Out of the 20 subjects selected for the study, 16 (SG = 8, PG = 8) completed the entire experiment. The SG ingested a single dose of 5500 mg of magnesium creatine chelate (MgCr-C), in 4 capsules per day, which was 0.07 g/kg/d. The PG received an identical 4 capsules containing corn starch. Before and after the study, the RAST was performed. In the RAST, total time (TT), first and sixth 35 m sprint length (s), average power (AP) and max power (MP) were measured. Additionally, before and after the test, lactate LA (mmol/L) and acid–base equilibrium pH (-log(H+)), bicarbonates HCO3− (mmol/L) were evaluated. Also, in serum at rest, creatinine (mg/dL) concentration was measured. Results: After the study, significantly better results in TT, AP and MP were observed in the SG. No significant changes in the RAST results were observed in the PG. After the study, significant changes in the first 35 m sprint, as well as the sixth 35 m sprint results were registered in the SG, while insignificant changes occurred in the PG. A significantly higher creatinine concentration was observed. Also, a higher post-RAST concentration of LA, HCO3− and lower values of pH were observed in April, May and June compared with baseline values. Conclusions: The long timeframe, i.e., 16 weeks, of the low dose of magnesium creatine chelate supplementation improved the RAST results in the SG. Despite the long period of MgCr-C supplementation, in the end of the study, the creatinine level in the SG reached higher but still reference values.

Download Full-text