A male-specific nuclease-resistant chromatin fraction in the mealybug Planococcus lilacinus

The occurrence of somatic (F') and male-specific (F') coliphages and Salmonella phages in a variety of environmental water samples was studied using different bacterial hosts. The number of plaque-forming units (pfu) of the different bacteriophages were compared and their resistance pattern to a biological treatment (humus tank) and chlorination was evaluated. The presence of the bacteriophages in shellfish was also studied. The morphology of isolate bacteriophages was examined as well as the visibility of the different plaques formed. Coliphages were found to produce larger and clearer plaques than all other bacteriophages studied. In most of the environmental water samples coliphages outnumbered all other bacteriophages, with the exception of dam water in which higher levels of F' Salmonella phages were detected. The majority of the F' Salmonella phages were shown to be RNA bacteriophages.

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Leukocytes with chromosome Y loss have reduced abundance of the cell surface immunoprotein CD99

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94588-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jonas Mattisson ◽

Marcus Danielsson ◽

Maria Hammond ◽

Hanna Davies ◽

Caroline J. Gallant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Single Cells ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Protein Abundance ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Chromosome Y ◽

Increased Risk ◽

A Cell ◽

Pseudoautosomal Regions ◽

Male Specific

AbstractMosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in immune cells is a male-specific mutation associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The CD99 gene, positioned in the pseudoautosomal regions of chromosomes X and Y, encodes a cell surface protein essential for several key properties of leukocytes and immune system functions. Here we used CITE-seq for simultaneous quantification of CD99 derived mRNA and cell surface CD99 protein abundance in relation to LOY in single cells. The abundance of CD99 molecules was lower on the surfaces of LOY cells compared with cells without this aneuploidy in all six types of leukocytes studied, while the abundance of CD proteins encoded by genes located on autosomal chromosomes were independent from LOY. These results connect LOY in single cells with immune related cellular properties at the protein level, providing mechanistic insight regarding disease vulnerability in men affected with mosaic chromosome Y loss in blood leukocytes.

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Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81781-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy ◽

Amala Joseph Prabakaran ◽

Thadakamalla Jayakrishna

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Sex Expression ◽

Pistil Abortion ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Sex Reversion ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Meristem Development ◽

Male Specific ◽

First Time

AbstractCastor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.

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Gene conversion and differential regulation in the rat P-450 IIA gene subfamily. Purification, catalytic activity, cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence, and regulation of an adult male-specific hepatic testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81314-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 263 (34) ◽

pp. 17995-18002

Author(s):

T Matsunaga ◽

K Nagata ◽

E J Holsztynska ◽

D P Lapenson ◽

A Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Gene Conversion ◽

Adult Male ◽

Differential Regulation ◽

Male Specific ◽

Gene Subfamily

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Evolution of a Multiple Sex-Chromosome System by Three-Sequential Translocations among Potential Sex-Chromosomes in the Taiwanese Frog Odorrana swinhoana

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Ikuo Miura ◽

Foyez Shams ◽

Si-Min Lin ◽

Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽

Thomas Liehr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Rare Case ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosome System ◽

Brown Frog ◽

Male Specific

Translocation between sex-chromosomes and autosomes generates multiple sex-chromosome systems. It happens unexpectedly, and therefore, the evolutionary meaning is not clear. The current study shows a multiple sex chromosome system comprising three different chromosome pairs in a Taiwanese brown frog (Odorrana swinhoana). The male-specific three translocations created a system of six sex-chromosomes, ♂X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3 -♀X1X1X2X2X3X3. It is unique in that the translocations occurred among three out of the six members of potential sex-determining chromosomes, which are known to be involved in sex-chromosome turnover in frogs, and the two out of three include orthologs of the sex-determining genes in mammals, birds and fishes. This rare case suggests sex-specific, nonrandom translocations and thus provides a new viewpoint for the evolutionary meaning of the multiple sex chromosome system.

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