scholarly journals An overview of viral infections of the nervous system in the immunosuppressed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. E. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Abstract Several viruses have the capacity to cause serious infections of the nervous system in patients who are immunosuppressed. Individuals may be immunosuppressed because of primary inherited immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency due to particular diseases such as malignancy, administration of immunosuppressant drugs or organ or bone marrow transplantation. The viruses capable of such opportunistic infection of the nervous system include herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein –Barr virus (EBV), Human Herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6), JC virus (JCV), enterovirus, measles virus and Covid-19. In most cases it seems likely that immunological defence mechanisms in the immunosuppressed are deficient which creates a suitable environment for certain viruses to become opportunistic in the nervous and other systems. Further research is required both to understand these opportunistic mechanisms in more detail and also to determine how many virus infections are modified by specific inborn errors of immunological responses.

Select Viruses in Adults

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Randall C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Epidemiologic Factors ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

The following types of viral infections are discussed in this chapter: viral infections that have the capacity for multiorgan or systemic disease; infections that affect adults who may be otherwise healthy or at least not in special populations such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, human parvovirus B19, and coxsackievirus. Reviews of these viruses focus on differentiating clinical features, diagnostic tools and treatment, and salient microbiologic and epidemiologic factors.

scholarly journals Herpesvirus Infections of the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tehmina Bharucha ◽  
Catherine F. Houlihan ◽  
Judith Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

AbstractThere are over 200 herpesvirus species, of which 10 affect humans. Each of these 10 herpesviruses has a unique clinical syndrome, but common to all is their ability to cause infection and pathology in the central nervous system. In this article, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, treatment, sequelae, and availability of vaccination of each of the following herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6A, 6B, and 7, Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 8, and simian herpesvirus B.

scholarly journals Polymerase chain reaction for the laboratory diagnosis of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 58 (3B) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARISA CHESKY ◽  
ROSANA SCALCO ◽  
LUCIANE FAILACE ◽  
STEVEN READ ◽  
LUIZ FERNANDO JOBIM
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpes Virus Type

A protocol for testing cerebrospinal fluid specimens using a range of PCR assays for the diagnosis of central nervous system infection was developed and used to test prospectively 383 specimens. PCR assays were used for the detection of adenovirus, Borrelia burgdorferi, enteroviruses, Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, human herpes virus type 6, JC virus, Leptospira interrogans, Listeria monocytogenes, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, measles virus, mumps virus, Mycobacterium sp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Toxoplasma gondii and varicella zoster virus. Of the 383 specimens tested in this study, 46 (12.0%) were found to be positive. The microorganisms detected were CMV, enterovirus, Epstein Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human herpes virus type 6, JC virus, L. monocytogenes, Mycobacterium genus, Toxoplasma gondii and varicella zoster virus. The introduction of the PCR protocol described has improved the diagnosis of a range of central nervous system infections in our laboratory. We believe however that further evaluation of these assays in immunocompromised patients is necessary to better determine the predictive value of positive PCR results in these patient groups.

scholarly journals Diagnosis dan tatalaksana nyeri pada rongga mulut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus herpes Diagnosis and management of pain in oral cavity caused by herpes virus infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Erni Marlina ◽  
Ali Yusran ◽  
Zohra Nazaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Herpes Virus Infection ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Herpes Virus Infections ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

There are 80 types of known herpes virus, 8 of them can cause infection on humans. They are herpes simplex virus(HSV) 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus (HHV6) Aand B, and paramyxovirus. HSV1, HSV2, and VZV are the virus known to cause oral mucosal diseases. This paperaims to review and discuss orofacial pain caused by herpes virus infection. Detail anamnesis about prodromal signand symptom with clinical features that vesicles, labial and intraoral lesions, and unilateral distribution of lesionsare characterized oral herpes virus infections. It can be concluded that detailed anamnesis and an understandingabout oral clinical sign and symptom may confirm diagnosis of herpes virus infections.

‘It's just a virus’ – viral illness in older people: prevention and management

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Payne ◽  
Donall Forde ◽  
Alicia Vedio ◽  
Alison Cope ◽  
Gary Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

SummaryMany viral infections that cause minor illness in younger adults can lead to significant mortality and morbidity in older people, particularly as co-morbidities tend to accumulate with increased age. Respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses are ubiquitous and frequently cause outbreaks, with major impact on those in care homes or residential accommodation. Advances in medicine have opened the way for increased impact of the herpes viruses (varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus), as immune systems are manipulated. People are also leading more active lives in older age; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will be increasingly prevalent, as those living with HIV grow older in good health. In addition, new diagnoses of HIV, viral hepatitis and travel-related infections will present to those working in health care of older people. This review article of viral infections aims to highlight relevant pathology, with specific reference to management in older people.

A Survey of Serum Antibodies to Eight Common Viruses in Psychiatric Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. King ◽  
S. J. Cooper ◽  
J. A. P. Earle ◽  
S. J. Martin ◽  
N. V. McFerran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

SummarySerum antibody titres to eight neurotropic viruses were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 450 psychiatric in-patients and 143 controls. A seasonal variation in schizophrenic births was observed, with a peak incidence between March and April. Both herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus antibody titres correlated with age and, when this was controlled for, no significant differences emerged between any patient group and the controls. Mumps antibody titres were significantly lower in patients with mental subnormal and neurosis or personality disorder; measles and rubella antibody titres were lower in male but not female mentally handicapped patients; males had lower antibody titres to mumps, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus than females in all groups. A decrease in mumps antibody titres was also found in schizophrenics if the medication factor was excluded. These low antibody titres may indicate an impaired immune response. Thus perinatal or childhood subclinical viral infections of the central nervous system, particularly of mumps, might lead to a range of possible psychiatric outcomes in later life.

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi FUJIMOTO ◽  
Kyoko ASAOKA ◽  
Toshihiro IMAIZUMI ◽  
Mitsuyoshi AYABE ◽  
Hiroshi SHOJI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr

scholarly journals Analytical methods in herpesvirus genomics

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Jana Blaškovičová ◽  
Ján Labuda
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
And Function ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Genomics is a branch of bioanalytical chemistry characterized as the study of the genome structure and function. Genome represents the complete set of chromosomal and extrachromosomal genes of an organism, a cell, an organelle or a virus. There are at least five from eight species of herpesviruses commonly widespread among humans, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus. Human gammaherpesviruses can cause serious diseases including B-cell lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Diagnostics and study of the herpesviruses is directly dependent on the development of modern analytical methods able to detect and determine the presence and evolution of herpesviral particles/ genomes. Diagnostics and genomic characterization of human herpesvirus species is based on bioanalytical methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, gel electrophoresis, blotting and others. The progress in analytical approaches in the herpesvirus genomics is reviewed in this article.

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