Quadriceps-hamstring EMG activity during functional, closed kinetic chain exercise to fatigue

BACKGROUND: Muscle synergies contribute to scapular position during arm movement. The trapezius and serratus anterior (SA) muscles are the main stabilizers and are therefore the main target muscles of therapeutic exercises. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the current literature investigating the optimal activation ratio of the scapular muscles during a range of closed kinetic chain exercises. METHODS: A systematic review search was conducted to identify studies reporting shoulder electromyography (EMG) activity during rehabilitation exercises in healthy participants. The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect. The included studies reported closed kinetic chain exercises and the muscle activity as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) or muscle ratios of the lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT), and SA with respect to the upper trapezius (UT). Muscle ratios were classified as optimal if they were equal to or lower than 0.6, and the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included in this review; 7 main exercises and 30 variations of these were reported. The average electromyographic activity of the concentric and eccentric phase was considered. Half Push Up, Push Up Plus, and Scap Protraction exercises showed optimal SA activity (UT/SA < 0.6), while Press Up, Half Push Up, and One Hand Plank exercises showed optimal LT activity (UT/LT < 0.6). According to the NOS, 15 studies were classified as moderate methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: The exercises in higher positions (e.g. exercises with the trunk closest to the vertical line) or unstable surfaces tend to favor UT activity over the MT, LT and SA. The exercises including scapular retraction showed optimal UT/MT and UT/LT ratios, while those including scapular protraction showed optimal UT/SA ratios. This will assist therapists in the correct selection of exercises for shoulder rehabilitation.

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A Systematic Review of the Effect of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on the Vastus Medialis Oblique and Vastus Lateralis Muscles of Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

MOJ Yoga & Physical Therapy ◽

10.15406/mojypt.2017.02.00014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adel Almangoush

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽

Patellofemoral Pain ◽

Vastus Medialis ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Closed Kinetic Chain

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Reliability of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Subtalar Joint Neutral Positions and Navicular Drop Test

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy ◽

10.2519/jospt.1993.18.4.553 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 553-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Ann Marie Picciano ◽

Megan S. Rowlands ◽

Teddy Worrell

Keyword(s):

Subtalar Joint ◽

Drop Test ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Navicular Drop ◽

Closed Kinetic Chain

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Effects of Calisthenics and Pilates Exercises on Coordination and Proprioception in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.21.3.235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 235-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Derya Ozer Kaya ◽

Irem Duzgun ◽

Gul Baltaci ◽

Selma Karacan ◽

Filiz Colakoglu

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Women ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Closed Kinetic Chain

Objective:To assess and compare the effects of 6 mo of Pilates and calisthenics on multijoint coordination and proprioception of the lower limbs at the 3rd and 6th mo of training.Design:Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, repeated-measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants and Intervention:Healthy, sedentary, female participants age 25–50 y were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups: a calisthenic exercise group (n = 34, mean age ± SD 40 ± 8 y, body-mass index [BMI] 31.04 ± 4.83 kg/m2), a Pilates exercise group (n = 32, mean age ± SD 37 ± 8 y, BMI 31.04 ± 4.83 kg/m2), and a control group (n = 41, mean age ± SD 41 ± 7 y, BMI 27.09 ± 4.77 kg/m2). The calisthenics and Pilates groups underwent related training programs for 6 mo, while the controls had no specific training.Main Outcome Measures:Coordination and proprioception of the lower extremities with concentric and eccentric performances in the closed kinetic chain assessed with the monitored rehab functional squat system at baseline and at the 3rd and 6th mo of training.Results:For the within-group comparison, coordinative concentric and eccentric deviation values were significantly decreased for both dominant and nondominant lower limbs at pretraining and at the 3rd and 6th mo posttraining in the calisthenics group (P < .05). In contrast, there was no improvement in the Pilates group throughout the training. However, for comparisons between groups, the baseline values of coordinative concentric and eccentric deviations were different in the calisthenics group than in Pilates and the controls (P < .05). There were no differences in the proprioception values of either visible or nonvisible movement in any group throughout the training (P > .05).Conclusions:It seems that calisthenic exercises are more likely to improve coordination of the lower extremity after 3 and 6 mo of training than Pilates exercises. Calisthenic exercises may be useful for individuals who require improved coordination.

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Training and testing in open versus closed kinetic chain

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-2003-0154 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. Mayer ◽

A. Schlumberger ◽

R. van Cingel ◽

Y. Henrotin ◽

W. Laube ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Chain ◽

Closed Kinetic Chain ◽

Open Versus

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Internal- and External-Rotation Peak Torque in Little League Baseball Players With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: Improved by Closed Kinetic Chain Shoulder Training

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2014-0333 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 263-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dong-Rour Lee ◽

Laurentius Jongsoon Kim

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

External Rotation ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽

Subacromial Impingement ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Little League ◽

Youth Baseball ◽

Closed Kinetic Chain

Context:Many studies have explored closed kinetic chain (CKC) shoulder exercises (SEs) with a sling because they are safer and more effective than open-chain exercises, especially in early stages of treatment. However, the application of CKC SE in youth baseball players has rarely been attempted, although teenage baseball players also experience shoulder pain.Objective:To investigate the effects of CKC SE on the peak torque of shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) in youth baseball players.Design:Single-group pretest, posttest.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:23 Little League Baseball players with subacromial impingement syndrome.Interventions:The CKC SE with a sling was CKC shoulder-flexion exercise, extension exercise, IR exercise, and ER exercise. This exercise regimen was conducted 2 or 3 times/wk for 8 wk.Main Outcome Measures:The peak torque of shoulder IR and ER was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Concentric shoulder rotation was performed, with 5 repetitions at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 15 at 180°/s.Results:The IR and ER peak torque significantly increased at each angular velocity after the exercise program. In particular, the increase in IR and ER peak torque values was statistically significant at an angular velocity of 180°/s.Conclusions:CKC SE was effective in increasing shoulder IR and ER strength, demonstrating its potential benefits in the prevention and treatment of shoulder injury. In addition, increased IR peak torque appears to improve throwing velocity in baseball players.

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Comparative Analysis of the Effect of the Different Adaptations of the Squat Exercise on the Knee Frontal Plane Projection Angle

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17921/2447-8938.2020v22n2p171-176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 171-176

Author(s):

Thiago Domingues Stocco ◽

Yasmim Hikari Nakagima ◽

Lorrane Nascimento Dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Frontal Plane ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Elastic Band ◽

Verbal Command ◽

Muscle Strengthening ◽

Projection Angle ◽

Plane Projection ◽

Closed Kinetic Chain ◽

Dynamic Valgus ◽

Positive Results

Closed kinetic chain exercises have been employed in rehabilitation and muscle strengthening programs, such as squatting. During the movement of the squat dynamic valgus, a change that affects all kinematics of the lower limb, tends to become exacerbated, necessitating adaptations in order to minimize the biomechanical disorder. Although studies have shown the effectiveness of squatting exercises, there is a lack of evidence to demonstrate, comparatively, the effectiveness of different adaptations in the decrease of dynamic valgus. The objective of the study was to evaluate to identify the efficacy of different adaptations in squatting exercise in the reduction of dynamic valgus. Therefore, study volunteers (n = 30) performed three types of squats: free squatting, squatting with elastic band and squatting with verbal command. The dynamic valgus wasmeasured by the knee frontal plane projection angle during the squatting movements, through captured images and analyzed by the software Tracker and ImageJ. Despite more cases in women, in both sexes, free squatting presented greater cases of medicalization of the knee than in comparison to the other two adaptations. Although both squat adaptations presented positive results, only squatting with verbal command showed a significant reduction of the dynamic valgus pointing out that this is the best adaptation treated. Keywords: Genu Valgum. Exercise Therapy. Motor Activity. Resumo Exercícios de cadeia cinética fechada vêm sendo empregados em programas de reabilitação e fortalecimento muscular, como é o caso do agachamento. Durante o movimento de agachamento o valgo dinâmico, alteração que afeta toda cinemática do membro inferior, tende a se tornar exacerbado, sendo necessárias adaptações com o intuito de minimizar o distúrbio biomecânico. Embora estudos tenham mostrado a eficácia dos exercícios de agachamento, faltam evidências que demonstrem, comparativamente, a efetividade de diferentes adaptações na minimização do valgo dinâmico. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a eficácia de diferentes adaptações na execução do exercício de agachamento na redução do valgo dinâmico. Para tanto, os voluntários do estudo (n=30) três tipos de agachamentos: agachamento livre, agachamento com banda elástica e agachamento com comando verbal. O valgo dinâmico foi mensurado mediante o ângulo de projeção no plano frontal do joelho durante os movimentos de agachamento, através de imagens capturadas e posteriormente analisadas pelos softwares Tracker e ImageJ. Apesar de mais casos em mulheres, em ambos os sexos, o agachamento livre apresentou maiores casos de medicalização do joelho do que nas outras duas adaptações. Embora ambas adaptações de agachamento apresentaram resultados positivos, apenas o agachamento com comando verbal apresentou redução significativa do valgo dinâmico, apontando ser esta a melhor adaptação tratada. Palavras-chaves: Geno Valgo. Terapia por Exercício. Atividade Motora.

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