scholarly journals Progressive programmed cell death inwards across the anther wall in male sterile flowers of the gynodioecious plant Plantago lanceolata

Planta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 249 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Nugent ◽  
Tómas Byrne ◽  
Grace McCormack ◽  
Marc Quiwa ◽  
Elaine Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Male Sterile

scholarly journals DCET1 Controls Male Sterility Through Callose Regulation, Exine Formation, and Tapetal Programmed Cell Death in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Muhammad Khan ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Lianping Sun ◽  
Adil Abbas ◽  
Liaqat Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Tapetal Cell ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Rna Recognition Motif ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Callose Wall

In angiosperms, anther development comprises of various complex and interrelated biological processes, critically needed for pollen viability. The transitory callose layer serves to separate the meiocytes. It helps in primexine formation, while the timely degradation of tapetal cells is essential for the timely callose wall dissolution and pollen wall formation by providing nutrients for pollen growth. In rice, many genes have been reported and functionally characterized that are involved in callose regulation and pollen wall patterning, including timely programmed cell death (PCD) of the tapetum, but the mechanism of pollen development largely remains ambiguous. We identified and functionally characterized a rice mutant dcet1, having a complete male-sterile phenotype caused by defects in anther callose wall, exine patterning, and tapetal PCD. DCET1 belongs to the RNA recognition motif (RRM)-containing family also called as the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) domain or RNA-binding domain (RBD) protein, having single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) substitution from G (threonine-192) to A (isoleucine-192) located at the fifth exon of LOC_Os08g02330, was responsible for the male sterile phenotype in mutant dcet1. Our cytological analysis suggested that DCET1 regulates callose biosynthesis and degradation, pollen exine formation by affecting exine wall patterning, including abnormal nexine, collapsed bacula, and irregular tectum, and timely PCD by delaying the tapetal cell degeneration. As a result, the microspore of dcet1 was swollen and abnormally bursted and even collapsed within the anther locule characterizing complete male sterility. GUS and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that DCET1 is specifically expressed in the anther till the developmental stage 9, consistent with the observed phenotype. The characterization of DCET1 in callose regulation, pollen wall patterning, and tapetal cell PCD strengthens our knowledge for knowing the regulatory pathways involved in rice male reproductive development and has future prospects in hybrid rice breeding.

Male-sterility of thermosensitive genic male-sterile rice is associated with premature programmed cell death of the tapetum

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujin Ku ◽  
Hyejin Yoon ◽  
Hak Soo Suh ◽  
Yong-Yoon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterile

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of Lipoxygenase in the Anther Wall Cells of Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. during Programmed Cell Death

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz VARDAR ◽  
Meral ÜNAL
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Degradation ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Pollen Stage

Lipoxygenase catalyzes oxygenation of long chain fatty acids to hydroperoxides and is involved in the degradation of membranes occuring in some types of programmed cell death (PCD). The localization of lipoxygenase in the anther wall layers of L. undulatus during cellular degradation was analyzed by immunogold labeling technique at young and vacuolated pollen stage, due to the close relation between lipoxygenase activity and membrane degradation in programmed cell death. Immunoreaction to lipoxygenase was monitored slightly at young pollen stage in the anther wall cells. As programmed cell death signals progress, lipoxygenase revealed in anther wall cells intensely. At vacuolated pollen stage tapetal cells came forward with ultrastructural changes such as cell, organelle and membrane disintegration. At the indicated stage immunogold particles indicating sites of LOX PAb-binding epitopes were located in the nucleus (chromatin was condensed and lined at the periphery), cytoplasm and close to long dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisterna. In conclusion lipoxygenase increase which has a role in the membrane degeneration, possibly induced the collapse of tonoplast, nuclear and plasma membrane and triggered programmed cell death in the tapetal cells of L. undulatus as well as the other wall cells.

scholarly journals OsGPAT3 Plays a Critical Role in Anther Wall Programmed Cell Death and Pollen Development in Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianping Sun ◽  
Xiaojiao Xiang ◽  
Zhengfu Yang ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Xiaoxia Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Pollen Maturation ◽  
Pollen Formation

In flowering plants, ideal male reproductive development requires the systematic coordination of various processes, in which timely differentiation and degradation of the anther wall, especially the tapetum, is essential for both pollen formation and anther dehiscence. Here, we show that OsGPAT3, a conserved glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene, plays a critical role in regulating anther wall degradation and pollen exine formation. The gpat3-2 mutant had defective synthesis of Ubisch bodies, delayed programmed cell death (PCD) of the inner three anther layers, and abnormal degradation of micropores/pollen grains, resulting in failure of pollen maturation and complete male sterility. Complementation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) experiments demonstrated that OsGPAT3 is responsible for the male sterility phenotype. Furthermore, the expression level of tapetal PCD-related and nutrient metabolism-related genes changed significantly in the gpat3-2 anthers. Based on these genetic and cytological analyses, OsGPAT3 is proposed to coordinate the differentiation and degradation of the anther wall and pollen grains in addition to regulating lipid biosynthesis. This study provides insights for understanding the function of GPATs in regulating rice male reproductive development, and also lays a theoretical basis for hybrid rice breeding.

scholarly journals Autophagy Mitigates High-Temperature Injury in Pollen Development of Arabidopsis thaliana

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonul Dundar ◽  
Zhenhua Shao ◽  
Nahoko Higashitani ◽  
Mami Kikuta ◽  
Masanori Izumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
List Type ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Plant Pollen

AbstractAutophagy is one of the cellular processes that break down cellular components during senescence, starvation, and stress. The susceptibility of plant pollen development to high-temperature (HT) stress is well known, but the involvement of autophagy in HT injury is yet to be clarified. Here, we found that following transfer to 30 °C, all autophagy-deficient (atg) mutants (atg2-1, 5-1, 7-2, and 10-1) of Arabidopsis thaliana tested displayed visibly impaired pollen development and anther dehiscence. HT-induced male sterility significantly increased in the atg mutants, but the degree of HT-induced obstacles did not change between the wild type (WT) and mutants from the seedling stage to the bolting stage. Cytological analyses showed that 30 °C promoted autophagy and autolysosome formation in both anther wall cells and microspores in developing anthers of WT, but the atg5-1 mutant did not show completion of tapetum degeneration and microspore maturation. HT upregulated hydrogen peroxide and dehydroascorbate reductase 1 production in both WT and atg5-1 anthers, but the basal levels were already higher in the mutant. HT repressed expression of UNDEAD and its regulator MYB80, which are required for tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) for proper pollen development. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy functions in tapetum degeneration and pollen development during HT-caused tapetal PCD abortion.HighlightsIn Arabidopsis, autophagy is not essential for completion of the life cycle under normal temperatures.High temperature (HT) stress induces autophagy in developing anther wall cells and microspores.Autophagy deficient atg mutants become almost completely male-sterile at moderate HT.Autophagy plays a role in tapetum degeneration and pollen development during HT-caused abortion of tapetal program cell death.

scholarly journals The R2R3-type LoMYB20s gene regulates programmed cell death and secondary wall biosynthesis, and affects anther development and dehiscence in Lily

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Tong ◽  
Qiuhua Li ◽  
AllahJurio Khaskheli ◽  
Junping Gao ◽  
Junna He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
Oriental Lily

Abstract Background Lilies are the widely cultivated cut flowers worldwide, while lily anthers carry a large amount of colored pollen dispersed easily to stain petals that makes serious problems for commerical sales. Improving pollen pollution in lily is one of the major goals of lily breeding. Results In this study, we identified a putative R2R3 MYB transcription factor LoMYB20s from oriental lily ( Lilium spp. ‘Siberia’). LoMYB20s mainly expressed in anther wall during the late stages of lily anther development. Suppression of LoMYB20s by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in lily led to a failure of the anthers to dehisce. Induction of LoMYB20s in DEX::LoMYB20s transgenic Arabidopsis caused the rosette leaves turning yellow and the inflorescences becoming procumbent and infertile. And the downstream genes of LoMYB20s were involved in multiple metabolic processes including jasmonate (JA) biosynthetic, gibberellin (GA)-deactivating, programmed cell death (PCD), and secondary wall biosynthesis (SWB). These results suggested that LoMYB20s participated in anther development and dehiscence possibly through regulating the PCD and SWB processes in a JA/GA-associated manner. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the indispensable role of LoMYB20s in lily anther development and dehiscence, and provide a possibility of using LoMYB20s silencing to produce anther-indehicent lilies.

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