scholarly journals OsGPAT3 Plays a Critical Role in Anther Wall Programmed Cell Death and Pollen Development in Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianping Sun ◽  
Xiaojiao Xiang ◽  
Zhengfu Yang ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Xiaoxia Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Pollen Maturation ◽  
Pollen Formation

In flowering plants, ideal male reproductive development requires the systematic coordination of various processes, in which timely differentiation and degradation of the anther wall, especially the tapetum, is essential for both pollen formation and anther dehiscence. Here, we show that OsGPAT3, a conserved glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene, plays a critical role in regulating anther wall degradation and pollen exine formation. The gpat3-2 mutant had defective synthesis of Ubisch bodies, delayed programmed cell death (PCD) of the inner three anther layers, and abnormal degradation of micropores/pollen grains, resulting in failure of pollen maturation and complete male sterility. Complementation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) experiments demonstrated that OsGPAT3 is responsible for the male sterility phenotype. Furthermore, the expression level of tapetal PCD-related and nutrient metabolism-related genes changed significantly in the gpat3-2 anthers. Based on these genetic and cytological analyses, OsGPAT3 is proposed to coordinate the differentiation and degradation of the anther wall and pollen grains in addition to regulating lipid biosynthesis. This study provides insights for understanding the function of GPATs in regulating rice male reproductive development, and also lays a theoretical basis for hybrid rice breeding.

scholarly journals Programmed cell death promotes male sterility in the functional dioecious Opuntia stenopetala (Cactaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluvia Flores-Rentería ◽  
Gregorio Orozco-Arroyo ◽  
Felipe Cruz-García ◽  
Florencia García-Campusano ◽  
Isabel Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Male Sterility

scholarly journals DCET1 Controls Male Sterility Through Callose Regulation, Exine Formation, and Tapetal Programmed Cell Death in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Muhammad Khan ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Lianping Sun ◽  
Adil Abbas ◽  
Liaqat Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Tapetal Cell ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Rna Recognition Motif ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Callose Wall

In angiosperms, anther development comprises of various complex and interrelated biological processes, critically needed for pollen viability. The transitory callose layer serves to separate the meiocytes. It helps in primexine formation, while the timely degradation of tapetal cells is essential for the timely callose wall dissolution and pollen wall formation by providing nutrients for pollen growth. In rice, many genes have been reported and functionally characterized that are involved in callose regulation and pollen wall patterning, including timely programmed cell death (PCD) of the tapetum, but the mechanism of pollen development largely remains ambiguous. We identified and functionally characterized a rice mutant dcet1, having a complete male-sterile phenotype caused by defects in anther callose wall, exine patterning, and tapetal PCD. DCET1 belongs to the RNA recognition motif (RRM)-containing family also called as the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) domain or RNA-binding domain (RBD) protein, having single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) substitution from G (threonine-192) to A (isoleucine-192) located at the fifth exon of LOC_Os08g02330, was responsible for the male sterile phenotype in mutant dcet1. Our cytological analysis suggested that DCET1 regulates callose biosynthesis and degradation, pollen exine formation by affecting exine wall patterning, including abnormal nexine, collapsed bacula, and irregular tectum, and timely PCD by delaying the tapetal cell degeneration. As a result, the microspore of dcet1 was swollen and abnormally bursted and even collapsed within the anther locule characterizing complete male sterility. GUS and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that DCET1 is specifically expressed in the anther till the developmental stage 9, consistent with the observed phenotype. The characterization of DCET1 in callose regulation, pollen wall patterning, and tapetal cell PCD strengthens our knowledge for knowing the regulatory pathways involved in rice male reproductive development and has future prospects in hybrid rice breeding.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation and Signaling of Developmental Programmed Cell Death in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Jiang ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Hua-Ni Leng ◽  
Xiaqin Wang ◽  
Yijing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Genetic Networks ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

Developmental programmed cell death (dPCD) has multiple functions in plant growth and development, and is of great value for industrial production. Among them, wood formed by xylem dPCD is one of the most widely used natural materials. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the molecular mechanism of plant dPCD. The dPCD process is tightly regulated by genetic networks and is involved in the transduction of signaling molecules. Several key regulators have been identified in diverse organisms and individual PCD events. However, complex molecular networks controlling plant dPCD remain highly elusive, and the original triggers of this process are still unknown. This review summarizes the recent progress on the transcriptional regulation and signaling of dPCD during vegetative and reproductive development. It is hoped that this review will provide an overall view of the molecular regulation of dPCD in different developmental processes in plants and identify specific mechanisms for regulating these dPCD events. In addition, the application of plants in industrial production can be improved by manipulating dPCD in specific processes, such as xylogenesis.

Male-sterility of thermosensitive genic male-sterile rice is associated with premature programmed cell death of the tapetum

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujin Ku ◽  
Hyejin Yoon ◽  
Hak Soo Suh ◽  
Yong-Yoon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterile

Assessment of apoptotic cells in the wall of thrombophlebitic saphenous vein

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Haibo Chu ◽  
Yongbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction Programmed cell death plays a critical role in various physiological processes. In the present study, we investigated its possible pathogenic role in primary varicose veins. We studied histological changes in surgical specimens from thrombophlebitic saphenous veins. In thrombophlebitic saphenous, varicose, and healthy veins, we also determined the number of apoptotic cells, and investigated apoptosis in the role of the pathogenesis of varicose veins. Methods Forty-four specimens of thrombophlebitic saphenous veins and simple varicose veins were collected. Thirteen samples of normal great saphenous veins were also collected (control group). Apoptosis of venous walls was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunofluorescence methods. The corpuscular number per high-power field was counted under light microscopy. Results A significantly higher apoptotic ratio of the intima and media were observed in control veins as compared with thrombophlebitic saphenous veins and simple varicose veins ( p < 0.01). A significant difference was not observed between thrombophlebitic saphenous veins and simple varicose veins ( p > 0.05). A significant difference was not seen between the intima and media of the three groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion In the walls of thrombophlebitic saphenous veins and varicose veins, the apoptotic indices were clearly decreased. The results suggest that the process of programmed cell death was inhibited in walls of thrombophlebitic saphenous veins and varicose veins.

scholarly journals Clustered gamma-protocadherins regulate cortical interneuron programmed cell death

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R Mancia Leon ◽  
Julien Spatazza ◽  
Benjamin Rakela ◽  
Ankita Chatterjee ◽  
Viraj Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Cortical Interneuron ◽  
Dependent Cell

Cortical function critically depends on inhibitory/excitatory balance. Cortical inhibitory interneurons (cINs) are born in the ventral forebrain and migrate into cortex, where their numbers are adjusted by programmed cell death. Here, we show that loss of clustered gamma protocadherins (Pcdhg), but not of genes in the alpha or beta clusters, increased dramatically cIN BAX-dependent cell death in mice. Surprisingly, electrophysiological and morphological properties of Pcdhg-deficient and wild-type cINs during the period of cIN cell death were indistinguishable. Co-transplantation of wild-type with Pcdhg-deficient interneuron precursors further reduced mutant cIN survival, but the proportion of mutant and wild-type cells undergoing cell death was not affected by their density. Transplantation also allowed us to test for the contribution of Pcdhg isoforms to the regulation of cIN cell death. We conclude that Pcdhg, specifically Pcdhgc3, Pcdhgc4, and Pcdhgc5, play a critical role in regulating cIN survival during the endogenous period of programmed cIN death.

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of Lipoxygenase in the Anther Wall Cells of Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. during Programmed Cell Death

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz VARDAR ◽  
Meral ÜNAL
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Degradation ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Pollen Stage

Lipoxygenase catalyzes oxygenation of long chain fatty acids to hydroperoxides and is involved in the degradation of membranes occuring in some types of programmed cell death (PCD). The localization of lipoxygenase in the anther wall layers of L. undulatus during cellular degradation was analyzed by immunogold labeling technique at young and vacuolated pollen stage, due to the close relation between lipoxygenase activity and membrane degradation in programmed cell death. Immunoreaction to lipoxygenase was monitored slightly at young pollen stage in the anther wall cells. As programmed cell death signals progress, lipoxygenase revealed in anther wall cells intensely. At vacuolated pollen stage tapetal cells came forward with ultrastructural changes such as cell, organelle and membrane disintegration. At the indicated stage immunogold particles indicating sites of LOX PAb-binding epitopes were located in the nucleus (chromatin was condensed and lined at the periphery), cytoplasm and close to long dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisterna. In conclusion lipoxygenase increase which has a role in the membrane degeneration, possibly induced the collapse of tonoplast, nuclear and plasma membrane and triggered programmed cell death in the tapetal cells of L. undulatus as well as the other wall cells.

scholarly journals Progressive programmed cell death inwards across the anther wall in male sterile flowers of the gynodioecious plant Plantago lanceolata

Planta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 249 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Nugent ◽  
Tómas Byrne ◽  
Grace McCormack ◽  
Marc Quiwa ◽  
Elaine Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Male Sterile
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