Role of gibberellin and its three GID1 receptors in Jasminum sambac stem elongation and flowering

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Li Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Jasminum Sambac

Studies on the control of water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides) in South Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
GJ Mitchell ◽  
RJ Carter ◽  
SR Chinner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Water Dropwort

Water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides L.), a tuberous perennial herb, is currently known in South Australia from only a single locality in the Mount Lofty Ranges. There is little information on water-dropwort control, and 2 experiments were conducted to assess the effects of sowing pasture, with or without presowing herbicides, on the control of this weed. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial clovers were successfully introduced into infested pastures by direct drilling in autumn. Water-dropwort regenerated from seed more densely in unsown plots than plots of established perennial pasture, suggesting that upgrading pastures may be a strategy to reduce the rate of spread by seed of this weed. A range of herbicide treatments applied to waterdropwort at the stem elongation stage in spring before autumn sowing of pastures provided effective shortterm control. The best short-term control was provided by glyphosate at 1440 g a.i./ha; metsulfuron methyl at 6, 12, and 36 g a.i./ha; and metsulfuron methyl at 12 g a.i./ha tank-mixed with glyphosate or 2,4-D amine at 720 or 1000 g a.i./ha, respectively. These treatments, and chlorsulfuron at 21 g a.i./ha, also significantly (P<0.05) reduced water-dropwort abundance (relative to untreated areas) for up to 18 months after sowing and initially improved the density of sown pasture species, but these improvements were not evident 14 months after resowing. Although prior season herbicide treatments controlled water-dropwort in newly sown pastures, 2 separate applications of herbicides, in May and October, gave no better control of water-dropwort than a single herbicide application in spring. Water-dropwort infestations do not appear to prevent successful direct drilling of phalaris and perennial clovers. Although pasture renovation did not provide long-term suppression of water-dropwort, the maintenance of vigorous pastures may reduce the rate of population growth from seedlings of this weed. Recropping restrictions may limit the role of chlorsulfuron for water-dropwort control in pasture renovation situations.

scholarly journals Role of Endogenous Gibberellins in Cold-Induced Stem Elongation and Flowering of Japanese Radish (Raphanus sativus L.).

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Nishijima ◽  
Naoki Katsura ◽  
Masaji Koshioka ◽  
Hiroko Yamazaki ◽  
Masayoshi Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Japanese Radish ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L

The role of water in the regulation of plant development

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1287-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Different Parts

It is postulated that the changes in growth and metabolic activity that characterize many features of plant development are produced by the interaction between the hydraulic conductivity of the tissues and the influence of environmental factors, transpiration and osmotic gradients on the uptake, distribution, or loss of water. Mechanisms based on this concept are proposed for six aspects of development. These are (i) seed germination and stem elongation (water uptake), (ii) apical dominance and tropisms (water distribution), and (iii) leaf senescence and abscission (water loss). The postulated mechanisms are based on the hypothesis that water is the factor that normally limits the rate of growth and metabolic activity in the intact plant. The validity of the concept is supported by the unique capacity of water to perform three basic functions. These functions are (i) to mediate environmental effects on growth and metabolism, (ii) to correlate the growth of different parts of the plant, and (iii) to integrate growth and metabolic activity at the cellular level. It is also suggested that the responses induced by the application to plants of certain growth-regulating substances can be mainly attributed to the capacity of these substances to promote the uptake of water.

Light regulation of endogenous salicylic acid levels in hypocotyls of Helianthus annuus seedlings

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid V. Kurepin ◽  
Linda J. Walton ◽  
David M. Reid ◽  
C. C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Positive Effects

Plants growing in canopy shade typically exhibit increased stem elongation and reduced leaf growth. This is as a result of direct interactions between plant photoreceptors sensing the change (reduction) in the ratio of red to far-red (R/FR) light and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and plant hormones, and regulating these morphological traits. The effect of the varying light conditions found in shade on endogenous salicylic acid (SA) content was tested, and the possible role of SA in shade avoidance by sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) hypocotyls was examined. A logarithmic increase in PAR irradiance levels increased endogenous SA levels roughly 10-fold. Separation of individual light wavelengths (R, FR, and blue) constituting the PAR irradiance of sunlight, established that only FR light had significant and positive effects on endogenous SA levels. Further, a low R/FR ratio significantly increased the endogenous SA content in hypocotyls compared with normal and high R/FR ratios. Uncoupling the effect of R/FR ratio and PAR irradiance on endogenous SA content demonstrated that PAR irradiance is a much stronger signal than FR light-enrichment. Thus, while a low R/FR ratio increases the SA content in sunflower hypocotyls, low PAR, the other component of canopy shade, decreases the SA content much more effectively than low R/FR ratio increases it. Therefore, it appears that SA probably has no direct role in shade avoidance effects.

Stem and leaf growth of alpine sun and prairie shade ecotypes of Stellaria longipes under different photoperiods: role of ethylene

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1496-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Walton ◽  
Leonid V. Kurepin ◽  
David M. Reid ◽  
C.C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Stellaria Longipes ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Radiation Conditions

Plant ecotypes of Stellaria longipes Goldie from competitive, shade-adapted prairie habitat and less competitive, nonshaded alpine habitat were subjected to shortened or extended photoperiod conditions. Increasing daylength was positively correlated to increased stem elongation in both ecotypes. Leaf length and area for shade (prairie) plants was significantly altered with increased photoperiods, whereas sun (alpine) plants exhibited minimal leaf expansion in response to increased photoperiod. Increased ethylene evolution in the alpine genotype during rapid stem elongation and extended photoperiods suggests that ethylene plays a growth regulatory role in this sun-adapted genotype. The prairie genotype evolved less ethylene during these same periods, indicating either a diminished requirement for elevated ethylene to effect elongation and leaf expansion responses or possibly increased ethylene sensitivity because of interactions with other hormones, such as gibberellin or auxin. The sun genotype consistently produced more ethylene than the shade genotype under all photoperiod treatments. We conclude that photoperiod alters stem elongation and leaf expansion responses; similar trends were observed for extended photoperiods as were observed for shaded conditions, specifically low light intensity (photosynthetically active radiation) conditions. Further, ethylene levels altered during these responses, especially in sun-adapted alpine plants, which suggests that ethylene is involved in these growth responses.

scholarly journals Role of Gibberellins in the Thermoperiodic Regulation of Stem Elongation inDendranthema grandiflorumTzvelev

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Nishijima ◽  
Mizuo Nonaka ◽  
Masaji Koshioka ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
Mitsuru Douzono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation

scholarly journals Photoperiodic Response of Genetically Diverse Lettuce Accessions

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Waycott
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
Transition To Flowering

A series of experiments was undertaken to study daylength-mediated control of transition to flowering in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a quantitative long-day plant. Several genotypes (cultivars, landraces, and mutant lines) were grown at different photoperiods, sometimes in combination with different temperatures, and measured for number of days to either a) bolting initiation (a detectable increase in the rate of stem elongation) or b) anthesis of the first flower (a standard measure of maturity in lettuce). Experiments were conducted in controlled or partially controlled environments. Results of these studies indicate the following: a) high temperature alone is not sufficient to induce the bolting response, whereas photoperiod is; b) there is a range of genetic responses to various daylengths among lettuce genotypes; c) one of the genes known to control bolting initiation, gene Z', exhibited reverse dominance in conjunction with the Early Flowering genes, depending on the length of day. The latter observation implies the genetic role of T needs further investigation, as it does not appear to operate by simple dominance alone.

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