scholarly journals Associations do not energize behavior: on the forgotten legacy of Kurt Lewin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas B. Eder ◽  
David Dignath
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
Task Sets ◽  
Motivate Behavior

AbstractHundred years ago, Kurt Lewin published a series of articles in which he vehemently argued against the idea that associations between stimuli and responses motivate behavior. This article reviews his empirical work and theory and the cogency of Lewin’s conclusion according to modern standards. We conclude that Lewin’s criticism of the contiguity principle of associationism is still valid, and is now supported by a broad range of theories on learning, motivation, and action control. Implications for modern dual-system theory and modern theories on motivated action and (instructed) task sets are discussed.

scholarly journals The dual-system theory of bipolar spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 101945
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Katz ◽  
Hadar Naftalovich ◽  
Kathryn Matanky ◽  
Iftah Yovel
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Explaining unplanned online media behaviors: Dual system theory models of impulsive use and swearing on social networking sites

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3050-3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Turel ◽  
Hamed Qahri-Saremi
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Inhibition Effect

Unplanned (i.e. spontaneous) online behaviors such as impulsive use of social networking sites (SNS) and swearing on SNS are prevalent and can adversely affect users and society. Drawing on dual system theory, this article conceptualizes and empirically investigates the etiology of such behaviors. Results of two studies ( n1 = 295 SNS users, focuses on impulsive use; n2 = 336 SNS users, focuses on swearing) show that both of these online behaviors are driven, in part, by cognitive-emotional preoccupation with the SNS and inhibited, in part, by cognitive-behavioral control over using the SNS. The inhibition effect is both direct and indirect, through the suppression of the cognitive-emotional preoccupation effects. The findings provide a theoretical lens of analysis through which impulsive and unitneded media use behaviors can be explained.

Fairness preferences in the Ultimate Game: A dual-system theory perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHANG Hui ◽  
MA Hong-yu ◽  
XU Fu-ming ◽  
LIU Yanjun ◽  
Shi Yan-wei
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Dual System

A critical examination of the dual system theory in Ostrinia nubilalis

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (5) ◽  
pp. R322-R329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Skopik ◽  
M. Takeda ◽  
C. W. Holyoke
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
P System ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Light Pulses

Beck's dual system theory (DST) is examined theoretically and experimentally by investigating the oviposition rhythm of Ostrinia nubilalis and its entrainment by light cycles. Several well-known circadian phenomena are not accounted for by the DST. 1) It does not generate transient cycles when light pulses fall during the advance portion of the circadian cycle. This is also reflected in DST-predicted phase-response curves (PRC's) for both Drosophila pseudoobscura and O. nubilalis. Steady-state phase advances are predicted to occur on day 1 after the light pulses by the DST, not several cycles later as has been observed in many cases. 2) It does not account for the observation that the magnitude of a phase shift (delta phi) is often a function of pulse duration of both delays and advances. The DST predicts the same + delta phi, for example, for a 0.5-h and a 6.0-h light pulse beginning 5.0 h after dusk. 3) The DST does not accurately predict steady-state phase relationships between the light cycle and the gating oscillation (P-system) in non-24-h light cycles. 4) The driver (S-system) is given the property of being temperature sensitive whereas the driven rhythm (P-system) is temperature compensated. This is contrary to accumulated data suggesting that the circadian pacemaker is temperature compensated.

scholarly journals The Dual-System Theory of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A Katz ◽  
Hadar Naftalovich ◽  
Kathryn Matanky ◽  
Cognition and Psychopathology Lab - Iftah Yovel
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Bipolar spectrum disorders are characterized by alternating intervals of extreme positive and negative affect. We performed a meta-analysis to test the hypothesis that such disorders would be related to dysregulated reinforcement sensitivity. First, we reviewed 23 studies that reported the correlation between self-report measures of (hypo)manic personality and measures of reinforcement sensitivity. A large relationship was found between (hypo)manic personality and BAS sensitivity (g = .74), but not with BIS sensitivity (g = -.08). This stands in contrast to self-reported depression which has a small, negative relationship with BAS sensitivity and a large positive one with BIS sensitivity (Katz et al., 2020). Next, we reviewed 33 studies that compared reinforcement sensitivity between euthymic, bipolar participants and healthy controls. There, bipolar disorder had a small, positive relationship with BAS sensitivity (g = .20) and a medium, positive relationship with BIS sensitivity (g = .64). These findings support a dual-system theory of bipolar disorders, wherein BAS sensitivity is more closely related to mania and BIS sensitivity more closely to bipolar depression. Bipolar disorders show diatheses for both states with euthymic participants being BAS- and BIS- hypersensitive. Implications for further theory and research practice are expounded upon in the discussion.

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