scholarly journals Triple-negative breast carcinomas of low malignant potential: review on diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cima ◽  
H. Kaya ◽  
C. Marchiò ◽  
R. Nishimura ◽  
H. Y. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Prognostic Parameters ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Low Malignant Potential ◽  
Tall Cell

AbstractTriple-negative breast carcinomas constitute a wide spectrum of lesions, mostly being highly aggressive. Nevertheless, some special histologic subtypes can have low malignant potential. The purpose of the present paper is to review diagnostic criteria and prognostic parameters of breast neoplasms of special histotypes. Specifically, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenomyoepithelioma, acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, tall cell carcinoma with reverse polarity, and secretory carcinoma will be discussed. For each tumour, definition and morphological and molecular features, together with prognostic parameters, will be presented. Paradigmatic cases will be illustrated.

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma with morphological features mimicking multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential: a series of six cases with molecular analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-206681
Author(s):  
Yankun Song ◽  
Xiaoxue Yin ◽  
Qiuyuan Xia ◽  
Linmao Zheng ◽  
Jin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Renal Neoplasm ◽  
Psammoma Bodies ◽  
Low Malignant Potential

AimsXp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a distinctive subtype of RCC with TFE3 (Transcription Factor Binding to IGHM Enhancer 3) gene rearrangement. The gross features in most Xp11 translocation RCCs closely resemble clear cell RCCs. In this study, we report six cases of Xp11 translocation RCCs with a unique multicystic architecture, reminiscent of multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRN-LMP).Methods and resultsMicroscopically, the renal mass was well circumscribed with multilocular cystic architecture. The cyst walls and septa were mostly lined by a single layer of cells with clear cytoplasm and low-grade nuclei, reminiscent of MCRN-LMP. Psammoma bodies were detected in four cases. One particular patient was misdiagnosed with benign cysts in local hospitals and led to second operation. Tumour cells were settled according to the track of the first surgical procedure. TFE3 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay confirmed the diagnosis of Xp11 translocation RCCs. FISH and RNA sequencing analyses confirmed MED15-TFE3 gene fusion in all six cases. Respective patients were alive, without any recent evidence of disease recurrence and/or metastasis.ConclusionsHere, we introduce a relatively inertia-variant of Xp11 translocation RCC which mimics MCRN-LMP. The distinctive morphological condition is linked to MED15-TFE3 gene fusion. In fact, renal neoplasms with morphological features of MCRN-LMP, especially those containing psammoma bodies, should be routinely evaluated for evidence of TFE3 gene rearrangements.

scholarly journals Molecular Features of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: An Infrequent Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Silvia González-Martínez ◽  
Belén Pérez-Mies ◽  
Irene Carretero-Barrio ◽  
María Luisa Palacios-Berraquero ◽  
José Perez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a heterogeneous group of infrequent invasive carcinomas that display differentiation of the neoplastic epithelium towards squamous cells and/or mesenchymal-type elements. Most MBC have a triple negative phenotype and poor prognosis. Thus, MBC have worse survival rates than other invasive breast carcinomas, including other triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC). In this study, we reviewed the molecular features of MBC, pointing out the differences among subtypes. The most frequently mutated genes in MBC were TP53 and PIK3CA. Additionally, mutations in the other genes of the PI3K/AKT pathway indicated its importance in the pathogenesis of MBC. Regarding copy number variations (CNVs), MYC was the most frequently amplified gene, and the most frequent gene loss affected the CDKN2A/CDKN2B locus. Furthermore, the pattern of mutations and CNVs of MBC differed from those reported in other TNBC. However, the molecular profile of MBC was not homogeneous among histological subtypes, being the alterations in the PI3K pathway most frequent in spindle cell carcinomas. Transcriptomic studies have demonstrated an epithelial to mesenchymal program activation and the enrichment of stemness genes in most MBC. In addition, current studies are attempting to define the immune microenvironment of these tumors. In conclusion, due to specific molecular features, MBC have a different clinical behavior from other types of TNBC, being more resistant to standard chemotherapy. For this reason, new therapeutic approaches based on tumor molecular characteristics are needed to treat MBC.

scholarly journals Histopathological Variants of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie R. Yanofsky ◽  
Stephen E. Mercer ◽  
Robert G. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Risk Variants ◽  
Low Malignant Potential

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common form of cancer in the Caucasian population, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounting for the majority of NMSC-related metastases and death. While most SCC lesions are indolent tumors with low malignant potential, a wide diversity of SCC subtypes exist, several of which are associated with markedly more aggressive behaviors. Distinguishing these high-risk variants from their counterparts is possible through microscopic analysis, since each subtype possesses unique histopathological features. Early identification of high-risk lesions can allow for more rapid therapeutic intervention, reducing the likelihood of metastasis and death. The authors review specific histopathological features and associated clinical outcomes of the primary subdivisions of SCC.

How to Name Papillary Tumors of the Bladder in Children: Transitional Cell Carcinoma or Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential?

Urology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker N. Umlauf ◽  
Wiltrud Coerdt ◽  
Ivo Leuschner ◽  
Annette Schröder ◽  
Raimund Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Low Malignant Potential ◽  
Urothelial Neoplasm

scholarly journals Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Histological Subtypes with a Favourable Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5694
Author(s):  
Gábor Cserni ◽  
Cecily M. Quinn ◽  
Maria Pia Foschini ◽  
Simonetta Bianchi ◽  
Grace Callagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Metaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
European Working

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), as a group of tumours, have a worse prognosis than stage-matched non-TNBC and lack the benefits of routinely available targeted therapy. However, TNBC is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which includes some special type carcinomas with a relatively indolent course. This review on behalf of the European Working Group for Breast Screening Pathology reviews the literature on the special histological types of BC that are reported to have a triple negative phenotype and indolent behaviour. These include adenoid cystic carcinoma of classical type, low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, and tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity. The pathological and known molecular features as well as clinical data including treatment and prognosis of these special TNBC subtypes are summarised and it is concluded that many patients with these rare TNBC pure subtypes are unlikely to benefit from systemic chemotherapy. A consensus statement of the working group relating to the multidisciplinary approach and treatment of these rare tumour types concludes the review.

scholarly journals Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential: Mimicker of cystic clear cell carcinoma – urologist’s perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Harish Challa ◽  
Hariharasudhan Sekar ◽  
Sandhya Sundaram ◽  
Sriram Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Natarajan Kumaresan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Renal Neoplasm ◽  
Lower Pole ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Histological Criteria ◽  
Low Malignant Potential

Introduction Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRNLMP) is a rare subtype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounting for 2-4% of RCC. It is defined as a neoplasm that is composed entirely of numerous cysts surrounded by fibrous capsule and septa containing clear cells without expansile growth or mural nodules (WHO 2016). The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight that it is imperative to identify this entity by strict histological criteria and distinguish this entity from cystic ccRCC due to its low malignant potential, excellent prognosis with no recurrence or metastasis. Case report A 46-year-old male presented with continuous mild loin pain for a month. There were no lower tract urinary symptoms. Ultrasound abdomen showed left lower pole renal mass. CECT-KUB was done as a definitive investigation which showed a solitary left lower pole renal cystic lesion with enhancement of size 3.8x3.6cm (Bosniak IV). As per CT findings, the patient underwent Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Histopathological examination showed multiple cysts with thin septal walls possessing clear cells with low-grade nuclei. 2 years of follow-up postoperatively with imaging studies revealed no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions The purpose of this report is to emphasize the need to identify this entity by strict histological criteria as per WHO guidelines, as imaging studies were more often inconclusive. Urologists should have an adequate understanding such an entity. Almost all cases are amenable to partial nephrectomy irrespective of size and no documented evidence of recurrence and metastasis which mandates less stringent follow up postoperatively as compared to ccRCC.

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