Validity of contact skin temperature sensors under different environmental conditions with and without fabric coverage: characterisation and correction

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1861-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braid A. MacRae ◽  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
Rolf Stämpfli ◽  
Christina M. Spengler ◽  
René M. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Sensors

A High-Resolution Voxel Model for Predicting Local Tissue Temperatures in Humans Subjected to Warm and Hot Environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Nelson ◽  
S. Charbonnel ◽  
A. R. Curran ◽  
E. A. Marttila ◽  
D. Fiala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Voxel Model ◽  
Hot Environments

This work describes and presents results from a new three-dimensional whole-body model of human thermoregulation. The model has been implemented using a version of the “Brooks Man” anatomical data set, consisting of 1.3×108 cubic volume elements (voxels) measuring 0.2 cm/side. The model simulates thermoregulation through passive mechanisms (metabolism, blood flow, respiration, and transpiration) and active mechanisms (vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, sweating, and shivering). Compared with lumped or compartment models, a voxel model is capable of high spatial resolution and can capture a level of anatomical detail not achievable otherwise. A high spatial resolution model can predict detailed heating patterns from localized or nonuniform heating patterns, such as from some radio frequency sources. Exposures to warm and hot environments (ambient temperatures of 33–48°C) were simulated with the current voxel model and with a recent compartment model. Results from the two models (core temperature, skin temperature, metabolic rate, and evaporative cooling rate) were compared with published experimental results obtained under similar conditions. Under the most severe environmental conditions considered (47.8°C, 27% RH for 2 h), the voxel model predicted a rectal temperature increase of 0.56°C, compared with a core temperature increase of 0.45°C from the compartment model and an experimental mean rectal temperature increase of 0.6°C. Similar, good agreement was noted for other thermal variables and under other environmental conditions. Results suggest that the voxel model is capable of predicting temperature response (core temperature and skin temperature) to certain warm or hot environments, with accuracy comparable to that of a compartment model. In addition, the voxel model is able to predict internal tissue temperatures and surface temperatures, over time, with a level of specificity and spatial resolution not achievable with compartment models. The development of voxel models and related computational tools may be useful for thermal dosimetry applications involving mild temperature hyperthermia and for the assessment of safe exposure to certain nonionizing radiation sources.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Shipboard Infrared Sea Surface Skin Temperature Measurements from the CIRIMS and the M-AERI

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Branch ◽  
A. T. Jessup ◽  
P. J. Minnett ◽  
E. L. Key
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Skin Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deployment Time ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract Extensive comparisons are made of the infrared sea surface skin temperature Tskin measured by the Calibrated Infrared In situ Measurement System (CIRIMS) and the Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI). Data were collected from four separate deployments on the NOAA research vessel (R/V) Ronald H. Brown and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Polar Sea over a wide range of latitudes and environmental conditions. The deployment time totaled roughly 6 months over a 4-yr period and resulted in over 7000 comparison values. The mean offset between the two instruments showed that CIRIMS consistently measured a lower temperature than the M-AERI, but by less than 0.10°C. This mean offset was found to be dependent upon sky condition, wind speed, and ship roll, which implies the offset is likely due to uncertainty in the emissivity. The CIRIMS Tskin was recomputed using two alterative emissivity values, one based on emissivity measured by the M-AERI and the other based on a wind-speed-dependent model. In both cases, the recomputation of the CIRIMS Tskin significantly reduced the mean offset. The overall standard deviation between the M-AERI and CIRIMS Tskin was 0.16°C, did not significantly depend on environmental conditions, and was within the expected values of instrument and comparison uncertainties. These comparisons demonstrate the success of CIRIMS in achieving good agreement with the M-AERI over a wide range of conditions. The results also highlight the importance of the sea surface emissivity when measuring the ocean surface skin temperature.

Highly Sensitive On‐Skin Temperature Sensors Based on Biocompatible Hydrogels with Thermoresponsive Transparency and Resistivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100469
Author(s):  
Tae Hyun Park ◽  
Seongjin Park ◽  
Seunggun Yu ◽  
Sangun Park ◽  
Junseok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Highly Sensitive

scholarly journals loT-based temperature and humidity monitoring system for smart garden

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
Yanshori ◽  
D W Nugraha ◽  
D Santi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Humidity Sensors ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Monitoring

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to design an IoT (Internet of Things) to monitor temperature and humidity for smart gardens. Temperature sensors and humidity sensors measure environmental conditions and are processed by a microcontroller. The actuator used is a spray pump that is used to spray water into the air to lower the temperature. Data from the sensors and status from the actuators are sent to the server and can be monitored via a smartphone. The data collected can be analyzed for various purposes. The result obtained is the effect of spraying on temperature reduction.

High-precision, stretchable kirigami-capacitive sensors with ultra-low cross-sensitivity for body temperature monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyan Yu ◽  
Shuhua Peng ◽  
Zhao Sha ◽  
Xingying Cheng ◽  
Shuying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Cross Sensitivity ◽  
A New Technique

Wearable temperature sensors meeting the resolution of medical-grade thermometers are needed to continuously monitor skin temperature variations indicative of diseases and sports performance. Herein, we present a new technique for...

The effect of environmental temperature and humidity on the skin temperature of Ayrshire calves

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Beakley ◽  
J. D. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Skin Temperatures

1. The skin temperatures at each of eight positions on the trunks of three 4-month-old Ayrshire bull calves were measured at 5 min. intervals in individual 6 hr. daily exposures to dry-bulb temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40° C. at 17 mg./l. absolute humidity, and 30, 35 and 40° C. at 7 mg./l. saturation deficit in a modified form of Latin square arrangement of environmental temperature. The schedule of experiments on each calf lasted 45 consecutive days and consisted of five replications of each of the nine environmental conditions.2. The skin temperatures of the calves all rose with increasing environmental temperature, humidity and time of exposure.

scholarly journals A new polystyrene-based ionomer/MWCNT nanocomposite for wearable skin temperature sensors

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Giuliani ◽  
Massimo Placidi ◽  
Fabio Di Francesco ◽  
Andrea Pucci
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensors

Thermoregulation properties of composite phase change materials in high temperature environmental conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Mingli Jiao ◽  
Sifan Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Yu ◽  
Quan Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Composite Phase Change Materials ◽  
C 50

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate thermoregulation properties of different composite phase change materials (PCMs), which could be used in the high temperature environmental conditions to protect human body against the extra heat flow. Design/methodology/approach Three kinds of composite PCM samples were prepared using the selected pure PCMs, including n-hexadecane, n-octadecane and n-eicosane. The DSC experiment was performed to get the samples’ phase change temperature range and enthalpy. The simulated high temperature experiments were performed using human arms in three different high temperature conditions (40°C, 45°C, 50°C), and the skin temperature variation curves varying with time were obtained. Then a comprehensive index TGP was introduced from the curves and calculated to evaluate the thermoregulation properties of different composite PCM samples comprehensively. Findings Results show that the composite PCM samples could provide much help to the high temperature human body. It could decrease the skin temperature quickly in a short time and it will not cause the over-cooling phenomenon. Comparing with other two composite PCM samples, the thermoregulation properties of the n-hexadecane and n-eicosane composite PCM is the best. Originality/value Using the n-hexadecane and n-eicosane composite PCM may provide people with better protection against the high temperature conditions, which is significative for the manufacture of functional thermoregulating textiles, garments or equipments.

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