Regional differences in exertional heat illness rates among Georgia USA high school football players

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-650
Author(s):  
Shaina Poore ◽  
Andrew Grundstein ◽  
Earl Cooper ◽  
Jerry Shannon
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness

Implementing Exertional Heat Illness Prevention Strategies in US High School Football

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Stephen W. Marshall ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Illness Prevention

scholarly journals Heat Policy Revision for Georgia High School Football Practices Based on Data-Driven Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl R. Cooper ◽  
Andrew J. Grundstein ◽  
Jessica D. Miles ◽  
Michael S. Ferrara ◽  
Patrick Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Acclimatization Period ◽  
Post Period

Context Interscholastic heat policies for football have not been evidence based. Therefore, their effectiveness in mitigating exertional heat illness has not been assessed. Objective To discuss the development of the Georgia High School Association heat policy and assess the effectiveness of revised guidelines. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Georgia high schools. Patients or Other Participants Interscholastic football players in grades 9 through 12. Main Outcome Measure(s) Heat syncope and heat exhaustion (HS/HE) illness rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), and relative risk (RR) was calculated as a ratio of postpolicy (POST) IR divided by prepolicy (PRE) IR. Results A total of 214 HS/HE cases (172 PRE, 42 POST) and 341 348 AEs (178 230 PRE, 163 118 POST) were identified. During the first 5 days of the PRE period, approximately 50% of HS/HE illnesses occurred; HS/HE IRs doubled when practice sessions increased from 2 to 2.5 hours and tripled for practices ≥3 hours. The HS/HE IRs in the PRE period increased from 0.44/1000 AEs for wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs) of <82°F (<27.8°C) to >2.0/1000 AEs for WBGTs from 87°F (30.6°C) to 89.9°F (32.2°C). The RRs comparing PRE and POST policy periods were 0.29 for WBGTs of <82.0°F (<27.80°C), 0.65 for WBGTs from 82.0°F (27.8°C) to 86.9°F (30.5°C), and 0.23 for WBGTs from 87.0°F (30.6°C) to 89.9°F (32.2°C). No HS/HE illnesses occurred in the POST period for WBGTs at >90°F (>32.3°C). Conclusions Results from the PRE period guided the Georgia High School Association to revise its heat and humidity policy to include a mandated 5-day acclimatization period when no practices may exceed 2 hours and the use of WBGT-based activity-modification categories. The new policy reduced HS/HE IRs by 35% to 100%, depending on the WBGT category. Our results may be generalizable to other states with hot and humid climates similar to that of Georgia.

Physical and Performance Characteristics of Successful High School Football Players

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry N. Williford ◽  
Jane Kirkpatrick ◽  
Michele Scharff-Olson ◽  
Daniel L. Blessing ◽  
Nai Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Football Players ◽  
High School Football ◽  
And Performance

Athletic Scholarships in Intercollegiate Football

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Pitts ◽  
Jon Paul Rezek
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Football Players ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Football Coaches ◽  
Athletic Scholarships

Despite the financial and cultural importance of intercollegiate athletics in the United States, there is a paucity of research into how athletic scholarships are awarded. In this article, the authors empirically examine the factors that universities use in their decision to offer athletic scholarships to high school football players. Using a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model, the authors find a player’s weight, height, body mass index (BMI), race, speed, on-the-field performance, and his high school team’s success often have large and significant impacts on the number of scholarship offers he receives. There is also evidence of a negative relationship between academic performance and scholarship offers. In addition, the authors find evidence of a scholarship premium for players from Florida and Texas. The results also show that running backs, wide receivers, and defensive backs appear to generate the most attention from college football coaches, other things equal.

The Association between Baseline Eye Tracking Performance and Concussion Assessments in High School Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie R. Oldham ◽  
Christina L. Master ◽  
Gregory A. Walker ◽  
William P. Meehan ◽  
David R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Football Players ◽  
High School Football

Spinal Trauma and Symptoms in High School Football Players

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 122-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Goodwin Gerberich ◽  
James D. Priest ◽  
James R. Boen ◽  
Conrad P. Straub
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Spinal Trauma ◽  
Football Players ◽  
High School Football

scholarly journals A NECK STRENGTH TRAINING PROTOCOL IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL PLAYERS FOR CONCUSSION RISK REDUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0016
Author(s):  
Torsten Rotto ◽  
Emily Kraus ◽  
Michael Fredericson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
T Test ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Lateral Flexion ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Text Figure ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Training Protocol

Background: Increased neck strength may be a protective factor for reducing concussions in youth athletes. However, little research exists regarding validated neck strength training methods among this demographic. Purpose: To determine whether a 7-week neck strength training period is sufficient to achieve significant gains in neck strength and size amongst high school football players. Additionally, to assess if increased neck strength influences concussion outcomes. Methods: This study enrolled 54 male high school football players, ages 14-17, in a 7-week strength training protocol in which neck exercises were incorporated into preseason strength and conditioning workouts (figure 1). Pre- and post-neck strength was assessed in four directions: forward flexion (FF), extension (EXT), right lateral flexion (RLF) and left lateral flexion (LLF). Strength was measured as maximal isometric head pressure applied into a pre-inflated sphygmomanometer cuff (figure 2). Concussion totals from the subsequent 2018 season were compared with totals from the 2017 and 2016 seasons per data obtained from the team’s athletic trainer. Results: Fifty athletes in total were analyzed; 4/54 athletes did not complete final testing due to scheduling conflicts. A two sample t-test of neck circumferences revealed a statistically significant increase of 0.37 cm from pre- to post-neck strength training (p=0.0025, figure 3). Single sample strength t-test analysis (corrected for cuff pre-inflation) demonstrated a statistically significant post-test strength increase of 19.8% (FF), 11.0% (EX), 18.8% (RLF), and 18.0% (LLF) (p<0.001, figure 3). The team suffered 4 concussions in the 2018 season, 2 of which were sustained by athletes who did not participate in preseason neck training, compared to 12 concussions in 2017 and 7 concussions in 2016 (figure 3). Conclusion This study demonstrates that increases in neck size and strength can be achieved amongst high school athletes using easily implemented training methods during a 7-week preseason training period. The additional observation of reduced concussion outcomes is not conclusive, though these initial results are promising. Additional research is needed to investigate the potential of neck strengthening in modifying concussion risk. Funding provided by the Stanford Medical Scholars Fellowship Program [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

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