Extraradical mycelium network of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi allows fast colonization of seedlings under in vitro conditions

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbeth Voets ◽  
Ivan Enrique de la Providencia ◽  
Kalyanne Fernandez ◽  
Marleen IJdo ◽  
Sylvie Cranenbrouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Extraradical Mycelium ◽  
Mycelium Network ◽  
Extraradical Mycelium Network

A “paper bridge” system to improve in-vitro propagation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Sylvie Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Paper Bridge ◽  
Bridge System

The in-vitro culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on excised roots, especially when performed on bi-compartmented Petri dishes, has proven to be an efficient system for the production of root-free fungal material. However, even after the contact between fungal hyphae and the excised roots in the proximal root compartment has occurred, up to several weeks may be required for the fungal runner hyphae to cross the median Petri dish wall and reach the distal fungal compartment. This delay is particularly long for the cultivation of slow-growing strains that usually colonize the substrate less aggressively. The delay is due to the difficulty the runner hyphae have in crossing the median Petri dish wall that separates compartments. To facilitate the passage of the fungus across the median wall, a “paper bridge” system has been devised and tested with a number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strains. This method substantially accelerated fungal propagation and simplified the manipulations necessary. The proposed paper-bridge system is described and its advantages discussed.

scholarly journals 13C Incorporation into Signature Fatty Acids as an Assay for Carbon Allocation in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 2592-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Axel Olsson ◽  
Ingrid M. van Aarle ◽  
Mayra E. Gavito ◽  
Per Bengtson ◽  
Göran Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Extraradical Mycelium ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Transfer

ABSTRACT The ubiquitous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consume significant amounts of plant assimilated C, but this C flow has been difficult to quantify. The neutral lipid fatty acid 16:1ω5 is a quantitative signature for most arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots and soil. We measured carbon transfer from four plant species to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices by estimating 13C enrichment of 16:1ω5 and compared it with 13C enrichment of total root and mycelial C. Carbon allocation to mycelia was detected within 1 day in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhizal root cultures labeled with [13C]glucose. The 13C enrichment of neutral lipid fatty acid 16:1ω5 extracted from roots increased from 0.14% 1 day after labeling to 2.2% 7 days after labeling. The colonized roots usually were more enriched for 13C in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal neutral lipid fatty acid 16:1ω5 than for the root specific neutral lipid fatty acid 18:2ω6,9. We labeled plant assimilates by using 13CO2 in whole-plant experiments. The extraradical mycelium often was more enriched for 13C than was the intraradical mycelium, suggesting rapid translocation of carbon to and more active growth by the extraradical mycelium. Since there was a good correlation between 13C enrichment in neutral lipid fatty acid 16:1ω5 and total 13C in extraradical mycelia in different systems (r 2 = 0.94), we propose that the total amount of labeled C in intraradical and extraradical mycelium can be calculated from the 13C enrichment of 16:1ω5. The method described enables evaluation of C flow from plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to be made without extraction, purification and identification of fungal mycelia.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Stimulation and Root Colonization Potential of In Vivo versus In Vitro Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inocula

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinta Calvet ◽  
Amelia Camprubi ◽  
Ana Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Paulo Emilio Lovato
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Propagules

Inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, with growing use in horticulture, is produced mainly in two technically different cultivation systems: in vivo culture in symbiosis with living host plants or in vitro culture in which the fungus life cycle develops in association with transformed roots. To evaluate the effectiveness and the infectivity of a defined isolate obtained by both production methods, a replicated comparative evaluation experiment was designed using different propagules of Rhizophagus irregularis produced in vivo on leek plants or in vitro in monoxenic culture on transformed carrot roots. The size of the spores obtained under both cultivation methods was first assessed and bulk inoculum, spores, sievings, and mycorrhizal root fragments were used to inoculate leek plantlets. Spores produced in vitro were significantly smaller than those produced in vivo. Although all mycorrhizal propagules used as a source of inoculum were able to colonize plants, in all cases, leek plants inoculated with propagules obtained in vivo achieved significantly higher mycorrhizal colonization rates than plants inoculated with in vitro inocula. Inoculation with in vivo bulk inoculum and in vivo mycorrhizal root fragments were the only treatments increasing plant growth. These results indicate that the production system of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi itself can have implications in the stimulation of plant growth and in experimental results.

scholarly journals The Role of the external mycelial network of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: III. a study of nitrogen transfer between plants interconnected by a common mycelium

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Martins ◽  
Andre F. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Mycelium Network ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Mycelial Network

An experiment under greenhouse conditions was carried out to evaluate the relative contribuition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the process of nitrogen transfer from cowpea to maize plants, using the isotope 15N. Special pots divided in three sections (A, B and C), were constructed and a nylon mesh screen of two diameters: 40µm (which allowed the AMF hyphae to pass but not the plant roots) or 1µm (which acted as a barrier to AM hyphae and plant roots) was inserted between the sections B and C. Section A had 25.5 mg of N/kg using (15NH4)2SO4 as N source. Two cowpea seedlings inoculated with Rhizobium sp. were transplanted with their root systems divided between the sections A and B. Ten days later, 2 seeds of maize were sown into the section C which was inoculated with Glomus etunicatum. Thirty-five days after transplanting, the maize plants were harvested. AMF inoculation increased dry weight and 15N and P content of maize plant shoots. Direct transfer of 15N via AMF hyphae was 21.2%; indirect transfer of 15N mediated by AMF mycelium network, was 9.6%, and indirect transfer not mediated by AM mycelium network , was 69.2%.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil aggregates from fields of "murundus" converted to agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Dorotéia Alves Ferreira ◽  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Extraradical Mycelium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Conversion Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the spore density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil aggregates from fields of "murundus" (large mounds of soil) in areas converted and not converted to agriculture. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates, in a 5x3 factorial arrangement: five areas and three aggregate classes (macro-, meso-, and microaggregates). The evaluated variables were: spore density and diversity of AMF, total glomalin, total organic carbon (TOC), total extraradical mycelium (TEM), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates. A total of 21 AMF species was identified. Spore density varied from 29 to 606 spores per 50 mL of soil and was higher in microaggregates and in the area with 6 years of conversion to agriculture. Total glomalin was higher between murundus in all studied aggregate classes. The area with 6 years showed lower concentration of TOC in macroaggregates (8.6 g kg-1) and in microaggregates (10.1 g kg-1). TEM was greater at the top of the murundus in all aggregate classes. GMD increased with the conversion time to agriculture. The density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores change with the conversion of fields of murundus into agriculture.

scholarly journals A Protocol on in Vitro Propagation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Root Organ Culture

 The technique of in vitro propagation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been developed over the past few decades and opens up areas of studying plant-fungi interactions. It is a scientific break through, especially for the study of the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, since these obligate symbionts depend on host plant. The objective of this paper is to find out the in vitro culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture technique. Ascertain of root colonization of these fungi could be affected in vitro without undertaking complex and complicated culture conditions. This could form an economically viable technique for root organ culture of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document