Peran Mikoriza Indigenous Sebagai Pupuk Hayati Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Jagung di Tanah Ultisol

ABSTRAK Laju pertumbuhan penduduk Indonesia dari tahun ketahun mengalami peningkatan, sehingga kebutuhan lahan untuk pertanian juga semakin meningkat. Seiring dengan berkembangnya tingkat konsumsi masyarakat yang membutuhkan bahan pangan tersebut sehingga tanaman jagung menjadi sumber bahan pangan yang selalu dibudidayakan petani di Indonesia. Namun demikian upaya pengembangan dan peningkatan pertumbuhan jagung untuk mencapai hasil yang diinginkan tidak terlepas dari masalah kesuburan tanah yang semakin menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan mikoriza indigenous terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung di tanah ultisol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kecamatan Kambu, Kota Kendari tahun 2018. Bahan dan alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain: tali rafia, air steril, tanah, propagul mikoriza indigenous, benih jagung, polybag (30 x 40 cm), waring net, plastik transparan, alat-alat pertanian, meteran, kamera digital, ember, terpal, kasa, kantong plastik, saringan serta peralatan laboratorium. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari empat taraf perlakuan. Tanpa propagul mikoriza indigenous sebagai kontrol (M0), 15 g propagul mikoriza indigenous (M1), 30 g propagul mikoriza indigenous (M2) dan 45 g propagul mikoriza indigenous (M3) masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Parameter yang diamati antaralain : tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumalh daun, dan persentase infeksi mikoriza. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian mikoriza indigenous dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Perlakuan yang terbaik adalah perlakuan M3 (45 g) propagul mikoriza indigenous atau tanaman. Kata kunci : Mikoriza indigenous, jagung lokal, tanah Ultisol. ABSTRACTIndonesian population growth rate from year to year has increased, so that the need for land for agriculture is also increasing. Along with the development of the level of consumption of the people who need food, the corn plants become a source of food that farmers always cultivate in Indonesia. However, efforts to develop and increase the growth of corn to achieve the desired results can not be separated from the problem of soil fertility is declining. This study aims to determine the role of indigenous mycorrhizae on the growth of maize in Ultisol soil. This research was conducted in Kambu Subdistrict, Kendari City in 2018. The materials and tools used in this study included: raffia rope, sterile water, soil, indigenous mycorrhizal propagules, corn seeds, polybags (30 x 40 cm), waring net, plastic transparent, agricultural equipment, meters, digital cameras, buckets, tarps, gauze, plastic bags, filters and laboratory equipment. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of four levels of treatment: Without indigenous mycorrhizal propagules as controls (M0), 15 g indigenous mycorrhizal propagules (M1), 30 g indigenous mycorrhizal propagules (M2) and 45 g mycorrhizal propagules indigenous (M3) each treatment was repeated 3 times. Parameters observed were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and percentage of mycorrhizal infection. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that indigenous mycorrhizal administration can affect the growth of corn plants. The best treatment is treatment of M3 (45 g) indigenous mycorrhizal propagules / plants. Keywords : indigenous mycorrhiza, local maize, Ultisol soil

Plant Growth Stimulation and Root Colonization Potential of In Vivo versus In Vitro Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inocula

Inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, with growing use in horticulture, is produced mainly in two technically different cultivation systems: in vivo culture in symbiosis with living host plants or in vitro culture in which the fungus life cycle develops in association with transformed roots. To evaluate the effectiveness and the infectivity of a defined isolate obtained by both production methods, a replicated comparative evaluation experiment was designed using different propagules of Rhizophagus irregularis produced in vivo on leek plants or in vitro in monoxenic culture on transformed carrot roots. The size of the spores obtained under both cultivation methods was first assessed and bulk inoculum, spores, sievings, and mycorrhizal root fragments were used to inoculate leek plantlets. Spores produced in vitro were significantly smaller than those produced in vivo. Although all mycorrhizal propagules used as a source of inoculum were able to colonize plants, in all cases, leek plants inoculated with propagules obtained in vivo achieved significantly higher mycorrhizal colonization rates than plants inoculated with in vitro inocula. Inoculation with in vivo bulk inoculum and in vivo mycorrhizal root fragments were the only treatments increasing plant growth. These results indicate that the production system of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi itself can have implications in the stimulation of plant growth and in experimental results.

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. II. Available inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcumgeophilum

Three microsites common to clear-cuts logged by the high-lead method in southeast Alaska were sampled to quantify the occurrence and viability of sclerotia of Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. Undisturbed duff had significantly greater numbers of sclerotia per gram or per cubic centimetre of soil than either exposed mineral soil or rotten wood. There were significantly fewer viable sclerotia per cubic centimetre of rotten wood than in either exposed mineral soil or undisturbed duff. Numbers of viable sclerotia that could contact the root plug of a containerized seedling when it was planted into rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, or undisturbed duff were calculated to be 0.7, 6.1, and 7.2, respectively. Expressing abundance of mycorrhizal propagules by soil volume, rather than weight, is more meaningful when microsites with large differences in soil bulk density are compared.